The algebra of \(2 \times 2\) upper triangular matrices as a commutative algebra: gradings, graded polynomial identities and Specht property (Q2062728)

Let \(K\) be a field and let \(UT_2(K)\) be the vector space of the \(2\times 2\) upper triangular matrices over \(K\). The authors consider the new multiplication \(a\circ b=ab+ba\) on \(UT_2(K)\) in the case when \(K\) is infinite and of characteristic 2. Thus \(UT_2(K)\) becomes a Lie algebra. The authors describe all group gradings on this algebra. Furthermore they deduce the graded identities satisfied by each one of the gradings. Moreover they prove that the corresponding ideals of graded identities satisfy the Specht property. The authors also obtain that there are non-isomorphic gradings that satisfy the same graded identities. Recall that in [\textit{P. Koshlukov} and \textit{F. Yukihide Yasumura}, Linear Algebra Appl. 534, 1--12 (2017; Zbl 1416.17023)] it was proved that in characteristic 0, a grading on the Jordan algebra \(UT_n(K)\) is uniquely determined by the graded identities it satisfies. For the associative algebra \(UT_n(K)\) the analogous result was obtained in [\textit{O. M. Di Vincenzo} et al., J. Algebra 275, No. 2, 550--566 (2004; Zbl 1066.16047)].