On the exponential decay for compressible Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations with a drag term (Q2063723)

The authors analyze the long-time behavior of solutions to a Navier-Stokes-Korteweg model involving a drag term and written as \(\partial _{t}\rho +\operatorname{div}(\rho u)=0\), \(\partial _{t}(\rho u)+\operatorname{div}(\rho u\otimes u)+\nabla p(\rho )-2\operatorname{div}(\mu (\rho )D(u))-\nabla (\lambda (\rho )\operatorname{div}u)-2\varepsilon \rho \nabla (\sqrt{K(\rho )}\Delta \int_{0}^{\rho }\sqrt{K(s)}ds+r_{2}\rho u=0\), and posed in \(\Omega \times \lbrack 0,+\infty )\), where \(\varepsilon >0\) is the Planck constant, \(D(u)=(\nabla u+^{t}\nabla u)/2\) stands for the symmetric part of the velocity gradient and \(r_{2}\) is a positive constant. The pressure state law is taken as \(p(\rho )=a\rho ^{\gamma }\) where \(a>0\) and \(\gamma \geq 1\) are constants. The shear viscosity \(\mu \in C^{0}( \mathbb{R}_{+};\mathbb{R}_{+})\cap C^{2}(\mathbb{R}_{+}^{\ast };\mathbb{R})\) and the bulk viscosity are supposed to be linked through the relation \( \lambda (\rho )=2(\mu ^{\prime }(\rho )\rho -\mu (\rho ))\), and to satisfy growth properties and \(\mu (0)=0=\lambda (0)\). The shear viscosity and the capillarity coefficient are linked through the relation \(K(\rho )=(\mu ^{\prime }(\rho ))^{2}/\rho \). The authors will take \(\Omega =\mathbb{T}^{3}\) , the unit torus. A couple \((\rho ,u)\) is a global weak solution to the above compressible Navier-Stokes-Korteweg equations if the density satisfies \(\rho \in C^{0}([0,+\infty );L_{\mathrm{weak}}^{\gamma }(\Omega ))\) with \(\rho \geq 0\) in \((0,+\infty )\times \Omega \), \(\rho \mid _{t=0}=\rho _{0}\) a.e. in \( \Omega \), and \(\mu (\rho )\in C^{0}([0,+\infty );L_{\mathrm{weak}}^{3/2}(\Omega ))\), the momentum satisfies \(\rho u\in C([0,+\infty );L_{\mathrm{weak}}^{2\gamma /(\gamma +1)}(\Omega ))\) with \(\rho u\mid _{t=0}=\rho _{0}\), an energy estimate holds a.e. \(t\in \lbrack 0,+\infty )\), the above equations being rewritten are satisfied in a distributional sense, and the global weak solution is obtained through regularized solutions which involve a small parameter \( \zeta \). The main result proves an exponential decay \(\mathcal{E}(t)\leq \mathcal{E}(0)exp(-Ct)\) for some positive constant \(C\), where \(\mathcal{E}\) is the relative entropy defined through \(\mathcal{E}(\rho ,u,v\mid r,0,0)=: \mathcal{E}(t)=\int_{\Omega }[\rho (\left\vert w\right\vert ^{2}+(\kappa (1-\kappa )+\varepsilon )\left\vert v\right\vert ^{2})+H(\rho \mid r)+2\kappa r_{2}h(\rho \mid r)]\), where \(w=u+\kappa v\) and \(v=2\nabla s(\rho )\) where \(s^{\prime }(\rho )=\frac{\mu ^{\prime }(\rho )}{\rho }\), \(H(\rho )=\rho \int_{1}^{\rho }\frac{p(s)}{s^{2}}\), \(h(\rho )=\rho \int_{1}^{\rho } \frac{\mu (s)}{s^{2}}\), \(H(\rho \mid r)=H(\rho )-H(r)-H(r)(\rho -r)\), and \( h(\rho \mid r)=h(\rho )-h(r)-h(r)(\rho -r)\). The exponential decay is first proved for the regularized solution, the authors then passing to the limit with respect to \(\zeta \), assuming strong convergence.