On \(c_\Delta (\Lambda)\)-covers and \(\Delta\gamma\)-sets (Q2072132)

Give a space \((X,\tau)\), we denote by \(CL(X)\), \(\mathbb{K}(X)\) and \(\mathbb{F}(X)\) the family of all nonempty closed subsets, the family of all nonempty compact subsets and the family of all nonempty finite subsets of \(X\), respectively. For a subset \(U\subset X\) and a family \(\mathcal{U}\) of subsets of \(X\), we write: \begin{flushleft} \(U^{-}=\{A\in CL(X):\,\,A\cap U\neq\emptyset\}\); \(U^{+}=\{A\in CL(X):\,\,A\subset U\}\); \(U^{c}=X\backslash U\); \(\mathcal{U}^{c}=\{U^{c}:\,\,U\subset\mathcal{U}\}\) \end{flushleft} Let \(\Delta\subset CL(X)\) be a subfamily of \(CL(X)\) closed under finite unions and containing all singletons. Then, the \emph{hit-and-miss topology on \(CL(X)\) with respect to} \(\Delta\), denoted by \(\tau_{\Delta}^{+}\), has as a base the family \begin{center} \(\left\{\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}\cup}V_{i}^{-}\right)\cap(B^{c})^{+}:\,\,B\in\Delta \,\, \mbox{and}\,\,V_{i}\in\tau \,\,\mbox{for}\,\,i\in\{1,2,\dots,m\}\right\}\). \end{center} \textbf{Definition 2.1.} Let \((X,\tau)\) be a topological space. A family \(U\subset\Lambda^{c}\) is called a \(c_{\Delta}(\Lambda)\)-cover of \(X\), if for any \(D\in\Delta\) and open subsets \(V_{1},V_{2},\ldots,V_{m}\) of \(X\), with \(D^{c}\cap V_{i}\neq\emptyset\), for any \(i\in\{1,2,\ldots,m\}\), there exist \(U\in\mathcal{U}\) and \(F\in[X]^{<\omega}\) such that \(D\subseteq U\), \(F\cap U=\emptyset\) and for each \(i\in\{1,2,\ldots,m\}\), \(F\cap V_{i}\neq\emptyset\). The family of all \(c_{\Delta}(\Lambda)\)-covers of \(X\) will be denoted by \(\mathbb{C}_{\Delta}(\Lambda)\). \textbf{Definition 2.2.} Let \((X,\tau)\) be a topological space and \(Y\subseteq X\), with \(Y\neq X\). A family \(\mathcal{U}\subseteq\Lambda^{c}\) is called a \(c_{\Delta}(\Lambda)\)-cover of \(Y\), if for any \(D\in\Delta\), with \(D\subseteq U\) and open subsets \(V_{1},V_{2},\ldots,V_{m}\) of \(X\), with \(Y^{c}\cap V_{i}\neq\emptyset\), for any \(i\in\{1,2,\ldots,m\}\), there exist \(U\in\mathcal{U}\) and \(F\in[X]^{<\omega}\) such that \(D\subseteq U\), \(F\cap U=\emptyset\) and for each \(i\in\{1,2,\ldots,m\}\), \(F\cap V_{i}\neq\emptyset\). We denote by \(\mathbb{C}_{\Delta}^{\star}(\Lambda)\) the family of all \(c_{\Delta}(\Lambda)\)-covers of \(Y\subseteq X\), with \(Y\neq X\). The following results are proved: \textbf{Theorem 2.7.} For a space \(X\), the following are equivalent: (i) \((\Lambda,\tau_{\Delta}^{+})\) has countable fan tightness. (ii) Each open set \(Y\subset X\) with \(Y\neq X\) satisfies \(S_{fin}(C_{\Delta}^{\star}(\Lambda),C_{\Delta}^{\star}(\Lambda))\). \textbf{Theorem 2.10.} For a space \(X\), the following are equivalent: (i) \((\Lambda,\tau_{\Delta}^{+})\) has countable strong fan tightness. (ii) Each open set \(Y\subset X\) with \(Y\neq X\) satisfies \(S_{1}(C_{\Delta}^{\star}(\Lambda),C_{\Delta}^{\star}(\Lambda))\). \textbf{Definition 3.1.} Let \((X,\tau)\) be a topological space. A family \(U\subseteq\Lambda^{c}\) is called a \(\Delta\gamma\)-cover of \(X\), if each \(B\in\Delta\) belongs to all but finitely many elements of \(\mathcal{U}\) and for any \(B\in\Delta\) and open subsets \(V_{1},V_{2},\ldots,V_{m}\) of \(X\), with \(B^{c}\cap V_{i}\neq\emptyset\) for any \(i\in\{1,2,\ldots,m\}\) there exist \(U\in\mathcal{U}\) and \(F\in[X]^{<\omega}\) such that \(B\subseteq U\), \(F\cap U=\emptyset\) and for each \(i\in\{1,2,\ldots,m\}\), \(F\cap V_{i}\neq\emptyset\). The set of all \(\Delta\gamma\)-covers of \(X\) is denoted by \(\Delta\Gamma\). \textbf{Theorem 3.5.} For a space \(X\), the following are equivalent: (i) \((\Lambda,\tau_{\Delta}^{+})\) is Frechet-Urysohn. (ii) Each open set \(Y\subset X\) with \(Y\neq X\) is a \(\Delta\gamma\)-set. \textbf{Theorem 3.8.} For a space \(X\), the following statements are equivalent: (i) \((\Lambda,\tau_{\Delta}^{+})\) is strongly Frechet-Urysohn. (ii) Each open subset \(Y\subset X\) with \(Y\neq X\) satisfies \(S_{1}(C_{\Delta}^{\star}(\Lambda),\Delta\Gamma)\). \textbf{Derfinition 3.11.} A space \(X\) is a \(\Delta\gamma\)-set if each \(C_{\Delta}(\Lambda)\)-cover of \(X\) contains a countable family \(\{U_{n}:\,\,n\in\mathbb{N}\}\), which is a \(\Delta\gamma\)-cover of \(X\). \textbf{Theorem 3.12.} For a space \(X\), the following statements are equivalent: (i) \(X\) is a \(\Delta\gamma\)-set. (ii) Each dense subset of \((\Lambda,\tau_{\Delta}^{+})\) is sequentially dense. \textbf{Theorem 4.2.} Let \(X\) be a topological space and \(\gamma\) be an infinite cardinal. Then the following are equivalent: (i) \(t(\Lambda,\tau_{\Delta}^{+})\leq\gamma\). (ii) For each open subset \(Y\subseteq X\) with \(Y\neq X\) and each \(c_{\Delta}(\Lambda)\)-cover \(\mathcal{U}\) of \(Y\), there is \(\mathcal{V}\in[\mathcal{U}]^{\leq\gamma}\) such that \(\mathcal{V}\) is a \(c_{\Delta}(\Lambda)\)-cover of \(Y\).