An application of spectral localization to the critical SQG on a ball (Q2082579)

The present paper deals with the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for the critical surface quasi-geostraphic equation in a unit ball of \(\mathbb{R}^2\). The author proves the existence of local solutions in \(C([0,T]; \dot B^0_{\infty,1})\cap L^1(0,T; \dot B^1_{\infty,1})\) for initial data in the critical Besov space \(\dot B^0_{\infty,1}\), and global in-time solutions for small data. The proof relies on (1) spectral localization, and (2) commutator estimates. The author begins by recalling the Besov spaces \(\dot B^s_{p,q}\), \(s\in\mathbb{R}\) and \(1\leq p, q\leq \infty\), associated with the Dirichlet-Laplacian operator on the unit ball. Some characterizations of a tempered distribution \(f\in \dot B^s_{p,q}\) are proved in Appendices A and B. Then, the existence of a unique local solution follows as the limit of a sequence \(\{\theta_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\), defined by an iteration procedure, as the solutions of \begin{align*} \partial_t\theta_1+\Delta_D \theta_1 =0, \qquad \theta_1(0)=\sum_{j\leq 1}\phi_j(\Delta_D)\theta_0 \ \mbox{ if } n=1; \\ \left\{\begin{array}{l} \partial_t\theta_n+\Delta_D \theta_n +(\nabla^\bot\Delta_D^{-1}\theta_{n-1} \cdot\nabla)\theta_n=0 \\ \theta_n(0)=\sum_{j\leq n}\phi_j(\Delta_D)\theta_0, \end{array}\right. \mbox{ if } n\geq 2, \end{align*} where \(\Delta_D\) denotes the square root of the Dirichlet--Laplacian operator, \(\nabla^\bot =(-\partial_{x_2},\partial_{x_1})\) and \(\phi_j(\Delta_D)\) stand for the frequency restriction operators. These solutions are determined by a regularization and approximation argument. Global in-time solutions result from the time independent estimates.