Symplectic blowing down in dimension six (Q2096935)

In this paper, the authors study symplectic blowing down. This is the opposite process of symplectic blowing up which in dimension six results in either a symplectic \(\mathbb{P}^2\) with normal degree \(-1\) or a symplectic \(\mathbb{P}^1\)-bundle over a surface \(\Sigma\) with normal degree \(-1\) along the \(\mathbb{P}^1\)-fibers. In general, the blowing up construction gives rise to a symplectic exceptional divisor which is known to be a topological exceptional divisor. A topological exceptional divisor is a codimension-\(2\) submanifold \(D^{2n} \subset (M^{2n+2}, \omega)\) which admits a linear \(\mathbb{P}^k\)-bundle structure \(\pi: D^{2n} \to Y^{2n-2k}\) over an oriented \((2n - 2k)\)-manifold \(Y\) such that (i) the normal line bundle \(N_D\) is the tautological line bundle when restricted to the projective space fibers of \(\pi\), and (ii) \(\omega|_D\) is almost standard. A matching triple \((X,D', S; \Omega)\) for a topological exceptional divisor \(D\) is a linear \((\mathbb{P}^{k+1}, \mathbb{P}^k, \mathbb{P}^0)\) bundle triple \((X,D', S)\) over \(Y\) with \(\Omega\) being a symplectic form on \(X\), satisfying certain compatibility conditions. Section~2 proves that if a topological exceptional divisor \(D \subset (M, \omega)\) has a matching triple, then up to integral deformation, \((M, \omega)\) can be symplectically blown down along \(D\). In Section~3, motivated by this observation, the authors investigate matching triples for a topological exceptional divisor \(D \subset (M, \omega)\) with \(\pi: D \to Y = \Sigma\) and \(\Sigma\) being a surface, and define that a topological exceptional divisor \(\pi: D \to \Sigma\) is admissible if the symplectic form \(\omega|_D\) on \(D\) satisfies certain ratio bound depending on the genus of \(\Sigma\). Moreover, the symplectic cone of a linear \((\mathbb{P}^{k+1}, \mathbb{P}^k, \mathbb{P}^0)\) bundle triple over \(\Sigma\) is analyzed. Section~4 verifies that if a symplectic divisor \(\pi: D \to \Sigma\) of \((M, \omega)\) arises from symplectically blowing up a symplectic surface \(\Sigma\) in a symplectic manifold, then it is an admissible topological exceptional divisor. Conversely, if \(\pi: D \to \Sigma\) is an admissible topological exceptional divisor, then there exists a weak matching triple. Applying these results to dimension six, the authors confirm that for a topological exceptional divisor \(\pi: D \to Y\) in a \(6\)-dimensional symplectic manifold \((M, \omega)\), if \(Y\) is a point, then \((M, \omega)\) can be blown down along \(D\). Furthermore, if \(Y = \Sigma\) is a surface and \(\pi: D \to \Sigma\) is admissible, then a weak matching triple is actually a matching triple and hence, up to integral deformation, \((M, \omega)\) can be blown down along \(D\). For this last result, the paper ends with an explicit and stronger formulation.