From torus bundles to particle-hole equivariantization (Q2114540)

Quantum topology emerged from the discovery of the Jones polynomials [\textit{V. F. R. Jones}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 12, 103--111 (1985; Zbl 0564.57006)] and the formulation of topological quantum field theory (TQFT) [\textit{M. Atiyah}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 68, 175--186 (1988; Zbl 0692.53053); \textit{E. Witten}, Adv. Ser. Math. Phys. 9, 239--329 (1989; Zbl 0726.57010)] in the 1980s, revealing deep connections between the algebraic/quantum arena of tensor categories and the topoogical/classical arena of \(3\)-dimensional manifolds. Precisely speaking, quantum invariants of \(3\)-dimensional manifolds and \((2+1)\)-dimensional TQFTs are to be constructed from modular tensor categories, two fundamental families in \((2+1)\)-dimensions being the Reshetikhin-Turaev [Zbl 0725.57007] and Turaev-Viro [\textit{V. G. Turaev} and \textit{O. Y. Viro}, Topology 31, No. 4, 865--902 (1992; Zbl 0779.57009)] TQFTs, both of which are based on certain tensor categories. The following two works lie at the backdrop of this paper. \begin{itemize} \item Inspired by \(M\)-theory in physics, the authors in [\textit{G. Y. Cho} et al., J. High Energy Phys. 2020, No. 11, Paper No. 115, 58 p. (2020; Zbl 1456.81341)] proposed another relation between tensor categories and \(3\)-dimensional manifolds in the opposite direction, outlining a program to construct modular tensor categories from certain classes of closed oriented \(3\)-dimensional manifolds. A central structure under study is an \(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})\) flat connection corresponding to a conjugacy class of morphisms from the fundamental group to \(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})\). The manifolds are required to have finitely many non-Abelian \(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})\) flat connections, each of which must be gauge equivalent to an \(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})\) or \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\) flat connection. Classical invariants such as the Chern-Simons invariant and twisted Reidemeister torsion also play a significant role in the construction. \item In [\textit{S. X. Cui}, ``From three dimensional manifolds to modular tensor categories'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2101.01674}], the authors mathematically explored the program in greater detail, systematically studying two infinite families of \(3\)-dimensional manifolds, namely Seifert fibered spaces with three singular fibers and torus bundles over the circle whose monodromy matrix \ has odd trace. It was shown that the first family being related to the Temperley-Lieb-Jones category [\textit{V. G. Turaev}, Quantum invariants of knots and 3-manifolds. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (1994; Zbl 0812.57003)] realizes modular tensor categories, while the second family is related to the quantum group category of type \(B\). \end{itemize} Although the efforts in the above two works suggest a far-reaching connection between \(3\)-dimensional manifolds and premodular tensor categories, there remain many questions to be resolved. \begin{itemize} \item[1.] The program currently only provides an algorithm in computing the modular \(S\)- and \(T\)-matrices, leaving other data such as \(F\)-symbols and \(R\)-symbols untouched. \item[2.] Even for the modular data, the computation for the \(S\)-matrix essentially follows a try-and-error procedure. \item[3.] There are a number of subtleties in choosing the correct set of characters as simple objects, determining the proper unit object, etc. \end{itemize} The principal objective in this paper is to apply the program to torus bundles over the circle with SOL geometry [Zbl 0561.57001]. The examples of Seifert fibered spaces in the second work covered six of the eight geometries, the ones left being the hyperbolic and SOL. Since the program concerns closed manifolds whose Chern-Simons invariants are all real, hyperbolic manifolds are surely excluded. A torus bundle over the circle is uniquely determined by the isotopy class of gluing diffeomorphism, called the monodromy matrix, which is an element of \(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})\). Torus bundles whose monodromy is Anosov are of SOL geometry. For a finite Abelian group \(G\) and a quadratic form \(q:G\rightarrow\mathbb{C}\), \(\mathcal{C}(G,q)\) denotes the pointed premodular category whose isomorphism classes of simple objects are \(G\) and whose topological twist is given by \(q\). There is a \(\mathbb{Z}_{2}\)-action, called the particle-hole symmetry, on \(\mathcal{C}(G,q)\) defined by sending each simple object to its dual or its inverse viewed as a group element. \(\mathcal{C}(G,q)^{\mathbb{Z}_{2}}\) denotes the \(\mathbb{Z}_{2}\)-equivariantization of \(\mathcal{C}(G,q)\) with respect to the particle-hole symmetry. The principal result is the following theorem. Theorem 1. For each torus bundle over the circle \(M_{A}\) with monodromy matrix \(A\), \(N:=\left\vert Tr(A)+2\right\vert \), there is an associated finite Abelian group \(G_{A}\) isomorphic to \(\mathbb{Z}_{r}\times\mathbb{Z}_{N/r}\) for some integer \(r\geq1\) (Lemma 1) and a quadratic form \(q_{A}(x):=\exp(\frac{2\pi i\widetilde{q}(x)}{N})\), \(\widetilde{q}:G\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}_{N}\) (Lemma 3) such that the modular data realized by \(M_{A}\) coincide with those of \(\mathcal{C}(G_{A},q_{A})^{\mathbb{Z}_{2}}\). A synopsis of the paper goes as follows. \begin{itemize} \item[\S 2] reviews some basic facts about premodular categories, recalling the program of constructing premodular categories from \(3\)-dimensional manifolds. \item[\S 3] is devoted to computing the modular data of the equivariantization of a pointed premodular category under the particle-hole symmetry. \item[\S 4] states and proves the main theorem concerning the construction of premodular categories from torus bundles. \end{itemize}