A systematic approach to nonresonance conditions for periodically forced planar Hamiltonian systems (Q2143340)

This paper considers the existence of periodic solutions of planar Hamiltonian systems of the type \[ J z' = \nabla H(z) + r(t, z), \tag{1}\] where \(J = \left( \begin{array}{cc} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{array} \right)\) is the standard symplectic matrix, the Hamiltonian function \(H: \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}\) is continuously differentiable, and \(r: \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2\) is continuous and \(2 \pi\)-periodic in its first variable. This paper establishes conditions for the existence of periodic solution of the equation (1). The paper includes two parts. The first part considers periodic perturbations of some planar Hamiltonian systems. In a general setting, the authors detect conditions ensuring the existence and multiplicity of periodic solutions. In the second part, the same ideas are used to deal with some more general planar differential systems.