Stability problems in nonautonomous linear differential equations in infinite dimensions (Q2176997)

Let \(X\) be a Banach space. Let \(A,B:\mathbb{R}\to L(X)\) be continuous bounded operator-valued functions s.t. \(\|A(t)\|,\|B(t)\|\leq M\). Let \(T(t,s)\) be an evolution family for the equation \[x'(t)=A(t)x(t).\] Suppose that \(\|T(t,s)\|\leq Ke^{\alpha(t-s)}\) (\(t\geq s\)) and for some \(h,\delta>0\) \(\|\int_{t_1}^{t_2}B(t)\|\leq\delta\) for all \(|t_1-t_2|\leq h\). Then for the evolution family \(S(t,s)\) of the equation \[y'(t)=(A(t)+B(t))y(t),\] the following inequality \[ \|S(t,s)\|\leq(1+\delta)Ke^{\beta(t-s)} \] holds with \(\beta=\alpha+3MK\delta+\log((1+\delta)K)/h\). A space of generalized almost periodic functions is introduced. If under the previous conditions \(\alpha<0\) and \(B\) is generalized almost periodic, then for all sufficient large \(\omega>0\) for the evolution family \(S_\omega(t,s)\) of the equation \[ y'(t)=(A(t)+B(\omega t))y(t) \] the inequality \[\|S_\omega(t,s)\|\leq const\cdot e^{\alpha(t-s)/2}\] holds. Assume that \(A\) is an unbounded generator of a \(C_0\)-semigroup in \(X\) with domain \(\mathcal{D}\) and \(\|e^{At}\|\leq Ke^{\alpha t}\). Assume that \(B\) is a continuous operator-valued function s.t. \(\mathcal{R}(B)\subset\mathcal{D}\), \(AB(t)\) and \(B(t)A\) are bounded operators. Denote \(C_t(u)=\int_t^u B(\tau)\,d\tau\). Suppose that \[ \|C_t(u)B(u)\|,\|C_t(u)A\|,\|AC_t(u)\|\leq M\delta,\quad |u-t|\leq h. \] Then, for the evolution family \(S(t,s)\) of the equation \(y'(t)=(A+B(t))y(t)\), the inequality \[ \|S(t,s)\|\leq (1+\delta)K e^{\beta(t-s)} \] holds with \(\beta=\alpha+3MK\delta+\log((1+\delta)K)/h.\) Some examples for stabilising unstable systems under small periodic perturbations are given.