Poisson-commutative subalgebras and complete integrability on non-regular coadjoint orbits and flag varieties (Q2182406)

Let \(\mathfrak g\) be the Lie algebra of a reductive Lie group \(G\) over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and \(\mathfrak g^*\) the vector dual of \(\mathfrak g\). Let \(M\) be a symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian action of \(G\) and \(\mu: M\rightarrow\mathfrak g^*\) the moment map. The symmetric algebra \(S(\mathfrak g)\) of \(\mathfrak g\) is a Poisson algebra and the co-morphism \(\mu^*: S(\mathfrak g)\rightarrow\operatorname{Fun}(M)\) is a Poisson homomorphism where \(\operatorname{Fun}(M)\) is some algebra of functions on \(M\) equipped with a Poisson bracket. In particular, if \(\mathcal A\subset S(\mathfrak g)\) is Poisson-commutative then so is \(\mu^*(\mathcal A)\) with \(\operatorname{tr.deg}\mathcal A\le\tfrac12(\dim \mathfrak g+\operatorname{rk}\mathfrak g)\), where \(\operatorname{rk}\) is the rank of \(\mathfrak g\) and \(\operatorname{tr.deg}\) denotes the transcendence degree. For \(a\in\mathfrak g^*\), the Mishchenko-Fomenko algebra \(\mathcal F_a\) associated with \(a\) is a Poisson-commutative subalgebra of \(S(\mathfrak g)\). One of the main results proved in the paper under review is that when \(a\in \mathfrak g^*\) is regular, \(\mathcal F_a\) is complete on each closed \(G\)-orbits (Theorem 2.4); observing that if a homogeneous Poisson-commutative subalgebra of \(S(\mathfrak g)\) is complete on any nilpotent orbit, then it is complete on every orbit (Proposition 2.5 \& Corollary 2.6). Another important family of algebras is studied in the paper. Namely for \(\mathfrak g=\mathfrak{so}(n)\) or \(\mathfrak{gl}(n)\), the Gelfand-Tsetlin algebra is the subalgebra of the enveloping algebra \(U(\mathfrak g)\) generated by the centers of \(U(\mathfrak g(k))\), for \(1\le k\le n\), where \(\mathfrak g(k)=\mathfrak{so}(k)\) or \(\mathfrak{gl}(k)\). It turns out that the graded of the Gelfand-Tsetlin algebra is a Poisson-commutative subalgebra of \(S(\mathfrak g)\) complete on any nilpotent orbit and whose \(\operatorname{tr.deg }\) equals \(\tfrac12 ( \dim\mathfrak g+\operatorname{rk}\mathfrak g)\) (Theorem 4.1). The paper offers a thorough study of homogeneous Poisson-commutative subalgebras, especially the Mishchenko-Fomenko algebras and the Gelfand-Tsetlin algebra, of the symmetric algebra of reductive Lie algebras and their completeness on co-adjoint orbits, emphasizing the particular role of nilpotent orbits. Several examples are provided to illustrate the issues and the results.