The weak Lefschetz property of Gorenstein algebras of codimension three associated to the Apéry sets (Q2197213)

Let \(k\) be a field of characteristic zero. It has been conjectured that every graded Artinian Gorenstein algebra \(A\) of codimension three has the weak Lefschetz property (WLP), i.e. the property that multiplication by a general linear form defines a homomorphism of maximal rank from any component of \(A\) to the next. This has been proved for arbitrary complete intersections of codimension three, and it is known to be false for Artinian Gorenstein algebras of codimension four or more (although it remains open for complete intersections of codimension four or more). Many authors have explored different aspects of the WLP problem, for Gorenstein algebras, monomial ideals, etc. In this paper the authors consider the WLP problem for associated graded algebras \(A\) of the Apéry set of \(M\)-pure symmetric numerical semigroups generated by four natural numbers. These were shown by \textit{L. Bryant} [Commun. Algebra 38, No. 6, 2092--2128 (2010; Zbl 1203.13004)] to be graded Artinian Gorenstein algebras of codimension three, so they are a natural class of algebras to study. \textit{L. Guerrieri} [Ark. Mat. 57, No. 1, 85--106 (2019; Zbl 1419.13011)] gives a strong structure for such algebras (in particular, they are always presented by five forms of very particular kinds) which the current authors use to advantage. They do not prove that all such algebras have the WLP, but they do prove that such \(A\) have the WLP in certain broad situations. This extends earlier work by the same authors [J. Algebra 551, 209--231 (2020; Zbl 1434.14005); J. Pure Appl. Algebra 224, No. 7, Article ID 106305, 29 p. (2020; Zbl 1437.13028)].