Left counital Hopf algebras on bi-decorated planar rooted forests and Rota-Baxter systems (Q2197968)

The set of \(\Omega\)-decorated planar rooted trees inherits its Connes-Kreimer coproduct with the 1-cocycle condition satisfied by the grafting operators \(B_\beta\), where \(\beta \in \Omega\): \[\Delta \circ B_\beta(x)=B_\beta(x)\otimes 1+(Id \otimes B_\beta)\circ \Delta(x).\] In the present article, this 1-cocycle condition is modified as this: \[\Delta \circ B_\beta(x)=B_\alpha(x)\otimes 1+(Id \otimes B_\beta)\circ \Delta(x),\] where \(\alpha\) is a fixed element of \(\Omega\). This condition induces a new coproduct on bidecorated planar trees, giving a non counital, left counital bialgebra. Its coproduct is combinatorially described in terms of admissible cuts, and the existence of a right antipode is proved. This construction is closely related to Rota-Baxter systems, that is to say triple \((A,R,S)\) where \(A\) is an algebra and \(R,S:A\rightarrow A\) such that \[R(a)R(b) = R(R(a)b + aS(b)),\: S(a)S(b) = S(R(a)b + aS(b)).\] It is proved that free Rota-Baxter systems are quotients of the preceding construction on planar bidecorated binary trees when \(\Omega=\{R,S\}\) and \(R=\alpha\), and that consequently free Rota-Baxter systems inherit a structure of left-counital bialgebra.