Anomalous partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms. III: Abundance and incoherence (Q2211888)

Let \(M\) be a closed \(3\)-manifold admitting an Anosov flow. The two typical settings are geodesic flows on closed hyperbolic surfaces and Anosov flows on 3-manifolds which admit transverse tori. The paper develops a general method for constructing partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms in many mapping classes of \(M\), by composing the time-one maps of Anosov flows with (arbitrarily many) Dehn twists. A criterion for partial hyperbolicity is given through the concept of \(h\)-transversality. In the case of the geodesic flows on \(T^1S\), the unit tangent bundle of a closed hyperbolic surface \(S\), the authors construct Theorem 1.1 partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms whose mapping classes form a subgroup isomorphic to the mapping class group \(\mathcal{M}(S)\), and it is proved Corollary 3.7 that the set of all mapping classes realized by partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms does not form a subgroup of the mapping class group \(\mathcal{M}(T^1S)\). In the case of Anosov flows on a 3-manifold \(M\), every mapping class in the subgroup of \(\mathcal{M}(M)\) generated by Dehn twists along the transverse tori, contains a partially hyperbolic representative (Theorem 1.3). In the example given in Corollary 1.4, a partially hyperbolic representative can be produced in virtually all mapping classes of \(M\). The anomalous dynamics of some examples of the above-constructed partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms are investigated. For \(\varphi\in \mathcal{M}(S)\) pseudo-Anosov, examples of {dynamically incoherent} partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism \(f: T^1S\to T^1S\) are given (Theorem 1.2), disproving a conjecture by \textit{F. Rodriguez Hertz} et al. [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 33, No. 4, 1023--1032 (2016; Zbl 1380.37067)]. The dynamics of \(\varphi\) and \(f\) at infinity are used in the proof of the dynamical incoherence. The incompleteness of a center-unstable leaf (Corollary 5.12) and the minimality of the strong foliations (Proposition 5.14) of (a perturbation of) \(f\) are also studied. In summary, the paper is a significant work toward the classification of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on 3-manifolds. For Part II, see [the authors, Invent. Math. 206, No. 3, 801--836 (2016; Zbl 1370.37069)].