Asymptotic behavior of orthogonal polynomials. Singular critical case (Q2223563)

The starting point is the standard three term recurrence relation \[a_{n-1}f_{n-1}(z)+b_nf_n(z)+a_nf_{n+1}(z)=zf_n(z),\ n\in\mathbb{Z}_{+},\ z\in\mathbb{C}. \tag{1}\] With starting values \(f_{-1}(z)=0,\, f_0(z)=1\) one recovers orthogonal polynomials. In the paper it is assumed that \(a_n>0,\,b_n=\overline{b}_n\) and \[\frac{b_n}{2\sqrt{a_{n-1}a_n}}=:\gamma_n\rightarrow\gamma,\ n\rightarrow\infty.\] The main results are: Theorem 2.1. Assume for some \(\alpha,\beta,\gamma\in\mathbb{R}\) \[a_n=n^{\sigma}\left(1+\alpha n^{-1}+\mathcal{O}(n^{-2})\right),\ n\rightarrow\infty,\] \[b_n=2\gamma n^{\sigma}\left(1+\beta n^{-1}+\mathcal{O}(n^{-2})\right),\ n\rightarrow\infty.\] When \(|\gamma|=1,\,\sigma>3/2\), the following holds: With \(\rho=\min\{\sigma-3/2,1/2\}\), (1) has a solution with asymptotics \[f_n(z)=\nu^n n^{-\sigma/2+1/4}e^{(-2i\sqrt{|\tau|n})}\left(1+\mathcal{O}(n^{-\rho})\right),\ n\rightarrow\infty,\] if \(\tau<0\), and with asymptotics \[f_n(z)=\nu^n n^{-\sigma/2+1/4} e^{-2\sqrt{|\tau|n}}\left(1+\mathcal{O}(n^{-\rho})\right),\ n\rightarrow\infty,\] if \(\tau>0\). These asymptotic relations are uniform in \(z\) on compact subsets of the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\). For all \(n\in\mathbb{Z}_{+}\) these functions are entire functions of \(z\) of minimal exponential type. Theorem 2.2. Let the assumptions of Theorem 2.1 hold. Then, for all \(z\in\mathbb{C}\), the sequence of orthogonal polynomials from (1) has the asymptotics \[P_n(z)=\nu^n n^{-\sigma/2+1/4}\left(\kappa_{+}(z) e^{-2i\sqrt{|\tau|n}}+\kappa_{-}(z) e^{2i\sqrt{|\tau|n}}+\mathcal{O}(n^{-\rho}) \right), n\rightarrow\infty,\] for \(\tau<0\), and \[P_n(z)=\kappa(z)\nu^n n^{-\sigma/2+1/4} e^{2i\sqrt{|\tau|n}}+\mathcal{O}(n^{-\rho}), n\rightarrow\infty,\] for \(\tau>0\). Here \(\kappa_{\pm}(z),\kappa(z)\) are analytic functions of \(z\) and \(\kappa_{+}(z)=\overline{\kappa_{-}(z)},\kappa(\overline{z})=\overline{\kappa(z)}\). These asymptotic relations are uniform in \(z\) on compact subsets of the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\). The paper is divided in 6 sections and has a list of 34 references.