Abelian groups gradings on null-filiform and one-parametric filiform Leibniz algebras (Q2237980)

Recall that a (right) \textit{Leibniz algebra} is a vector space \(L\) with a bilinear multiplication such that \[x(yz)=(xy)z-(xz)y,\] holds for all \(x,y,z\in L\). The \textit{lower central series} is defined as for Lie algebras recursively by \(L^1=L\) and \(L^{k+1}=L^kL\). \(L\) is called \textit{nilpotent} in case there exists \(n\geq 2\) such that \(L^n=0\). An \(n\)-dimensional Leibniz algebra \(L\) is called \textit{null-filiform} if \(\dim(L^i)=n+1-i\) for all \(1\leq i\leq n+1\). The null-filiform Leibniz algebras are the nilpotent Leibniz algebras with the longest lower central series, and they are generated by one element. An \(n\)-dimensional Leibniz algebra \(L\) is called \textit{filiform} in case \(\dim(L^i)=n-i\) for all \(2\leq i\leq n\). \par The authors classify abelian group gradings on null-filiform and one-parametric filiform Leibniz algebras. \par For this, they follow the method set up by \textit{A. Elduque} and \textit{M. Kochetov} in the realm of Lie algebras [Gradings on simple Lie algebras. Providence, RI: AMS (2013; Zbl 1281.17001)]. Namely, they study the finitely generated abelian subgroups of diagonalizable automorphisms of the automorphism group of the Leibniz algebra. These subgroups induce the grading. Up to equivalence of gradings, any such subgroup should be contained in the normalizer of some fixed maximal torus of the automorphism group. Thus the study proceeds by classifying the automorphisms, the maximal torus, its normalizer and derives from there the gradings. \par While the proof of the classification theorem of the gradings for null-filiform Leibniz algebras takes two pages (theorem which is also contained in [\textit{L. Centrone} and \textit{C. Zargeh}, ``Varieties of null-filiform Leibniz algebras under the action of Hopf algebras'', Algebr. Represent Theor. (to appear)]), the proof of the classification theorem for one-parametric filiform Leibniz algebras takes ten pages.