Linear combinations of \(d\)-orthogonal polynomials (Q2272608)

A sequence of monic polynomials \(P_n\), \(n\ge0\), is said to be \(d\)-orthogonal with respect to the \(d\)-dimensional vector of linear forms \(U = (u_0,\dots,u_{d-1})^T\), if \[ \langle u_r,x^m P_n(x)\rangle=0,\ n\ge md+r+1,\ m\ge 0 \] \[ \langle u_r,x^m P_{md+r}(x)\rangle\neq 0,\ m\ge 0, \] for each \(0 \le r \le d-1.\) In this case, the \(d\)-dimensional vector form \(U\) is said to be regular and we note that when \(d=1\), we have the standard orthogonality. In the present work, the direct and the inverse problem for the \(d\)-orthogonality of a linear combination of two elements of a monic \(d\)-orthogonal polynomial sequence, is dealt with. This problem is equivalent to the study of the regularity of the left product of a linear form by a matrix polynomial of degree one. Basic background about \(d\)-dimensional vector forms and \(d\)-orthogonal polynomials is presented and the concept of co-recursive polynomial sequences is introduced.