Homoclinic, heteroclinic and periodic orbits of singularly perturbed systems (Q2273753)

The author considers the singularly perturbed system of differential equations \[ \dot x=f(x,y,\lambda,\varepsilon),\ \ \varepsilon\dot y=g(x,y,\lambda,\varepsilon),\ \ (x,y)\in\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^m, \tag{1.1} \] where \(n,m\in\mathbb{N}\), the parameter \(\lambda\in\mathbb{R}^{\ell}\), \(\varepsilon\geq0\) is a sufficiently small real parameter and \(\Omega\) is an open and connected subset of \(\mathbb{R}^{n+m}\). The main results of the paper are concentrated into three theorems, namely, Theorem 1.1, Theorem 1.2 and Theorem 1.3. Theorem 1.1 presents some information on the existence of homoclinic orbits, of heteroclinic orbits and of limit cycles of the system (1.1) when \(n = 2\) and \(\ell=1\) via the system \(\dot x=f(x,\varphi(x,\lambda),\lambda,0)\) defined on a critical manifold and the rotated vector fields. It is worth to note, that the Fenichel's theory cannot be directly applied to this case. In Theorem 1.2, combining the two statements of Theorem 1.1 with an additional condition, the existence of both limit cycles and homoclinic orbits which bifurcate from the homoclinic loop on the critical manifold is obtained. Theorem 1.3 provides some sufficient conditions for the existence and number of limit cycles of the singularly perturbed polynomial system (1.1) with \(m=2\), which bifurcate from a family of periodic orbits of the layer system.