Littlewood-Paley characterizations of weighted anisotropic Triebel-Lizorkin spaces via averages on balls. I (Q2295609)

The fractional Sobolev spaces \(H^s_p (\mathbb{R}^n)\), \(0<\alpha <2\), \(1<p<\infty\), can be characterized in terms of the ball means \[ S_\alpha f (x) = \Big( \int^\infty_0 \Big| t^{-n} \int_{\{y: |x-y|<t \}} \big( f(y) - f(x) \big)\, dy \Big|^2 \, \frac{dt}{t^{2\alpha +1}} \Big)^{1/2}, \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^n. \] This recent observation has been extended to numerous other spaces, including the related spaces \(F^\alpha_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^n)\). The present paper is a further step in this direction. It deals with corresponding characterizations of the spaces \(F^\alpha_{p,q}(A; w, \mathbb{R}^n)\), where \(A\) stands for anisotropic generalizations and \(w\) is a Muckenhoupt weight. For this purpose, related Peetre maximal functions and Lusin area functions are considered.