On the structure of signed Selmer groups (Q2304335)

Let \(F\) be a number field, \(p\) an odd prime number and \(F_\infty\) the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of \(F\). Let \(\mathcal{M}\) be a motive over \(F\), \(\mathcal{M}_p\) its \(p\)-adic realization and \(T\) a \(\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{F}/F)\)-stable \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-lattice in \(\mathcal{M}_p\) (a Galois representation). Under certain hypotheses on \(\mathcal{M}_p\) and \(T\) (involving \(\mathcal{M}_p\) being crystalline, Hodge-Tate weights, cohomology of \(T/pT\), and so on), for any Hodge compatible basis \(\{u_1,\dots,u_{g_v}\}\) of the Dieudonné module \(\mathbf{D}_{\mathrm{cris},v}(T)\) (where \(v|p\)) and any family \(\underline{I}=\{I_v\}_{v|p}\) of subsets \(I_v\subseteq\{1,\dots,g_v\}\), \textit{K. Büyükboduk} and \textit{A. Lei} [Math. Z. 286, No. 1--2, 361--398 (2017; Zbl 1391.11150)] defined \textit{signed Selmer groups} \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\underline{I}}(T/F_\infty)\) using Coleman type maps and Tate duality to describe the local conditions at primes dividing \(p\). The paper under review briefly presents this construction, emphasizing its relation with plus-minus Selmer groups for supersingular primes of abelian varieties and with Bloch-Kato Selmer groups, and then studies these signed Selmer groups which should conjecturally be finitely generated cotorsion modules over the Iwasawa algebra \(\mathbb{Z}_p[[\mathrm{Gal}(F_\infty/F)]]\) (i.e. their duals should be torsion). Via some control theorems, which crucially exploit the structure of \(\mathrm{Gal}(F_\infty/F)\) and the hypothesis \(H^0(F_v,T/pT)=H^2(F_v,T/pT)=0\), and assuming the cotorsion conjecture on the Selmer groups \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\underline{I}}(T/F_\infty)\) and \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\underline{I}^c}(T^*/F_\infty)\) (where \(T^*=\mathrm{Hom}(T,\mathbb{Z}_p(1))\) is the Tate dual of \(T\) and \(\underline{I}^c\) is a set of indices complementary to \(\underline{I}\)), the author proves that \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\underline{I}}(T/F_\infty)\) has no proper submodules of finite index. Moreover, taking another triple \((\mathcal{M}',\mathcal{M}'_p,T')\) verifying the same hypotheses and such that the representations \(T/pT\) and \(T'/pT'\) are isomorphic, the author compares the structures of \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\underline{I}}(T/F_\infty)\) and \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\underline{I}}(T'/F_\infty)\) showing that one \(\mu\)-invariant vanishes if and only if the other one vanishes too and that, when both \(\mu\)-invariants are 0, they have the same \(\lambda\)-invariant. To achieve this the crucial ingredient is the Wach module \(\mathbf{N}_v(T)\) which provides information on the Iwasawa cohomology groups and on the module \(\mathbf{D}_{\mathrm{cris},v}(T)\). Since by \textit{L. Berger} [Compos. Math. 140, No. 6, 1473--1498 (2004; Zbl 1071.11067)], \(T/pT\simeq T'/pT'\) implies \(\mathbf{N}_v(T)/p\mathbf{N}_v(T)\simeq\mathbf{N}_v(T')/p\mathbf{N}_v(T')\), the author is able to lift this mod \(p\) isomorphism to mod \(p\) relations between Coleman maps and local conditions for Selmer groups, thus providing the above mentioned link between Iwasawa \(\mu\) and \(\lambda\)-invariants (still under the assumption of the cotorsion conjecture for \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\underline{I}}(T/F_\infty)\), \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\underline{I}^c}(T^*/F_\infty)\) and the corresponding Selmer groups for \(T'\)).