Deformations of linear Lie brackets (Q2305450)

This paper extends \textit{M. Crainic} and \textit{I. Moerdijk}'s work [J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 10, No. 4, 1037--1059 (2008; Zbl 1159.58011)] on deformation of Lie algebroid structures to the case of VB-algebroid structures. The authors first recall the space \(\mathfrak{D}^{\bullet}\left( A,M\right) =\oplus_{k\geq0}\mathfrak{D}^{k}\left( A,M\right) \) of multiderivations on a vector bundle \(A\rightarrow M\), where \(\mathfrak{D}^{k}\left( A,M\right) \) consists of (skew-symmetric) \(k\)-derivations \(c:\times^{k}\Gamma\left( A\right) \rightarrow\Gamma\left( A\right) \) with an associated bundle map \(\sigma_{c}:\wedge^{k-1}A\rightarrow TM\) as symbol, and the property that \(\mathfrak{D}^{\bullet}\left( A,M\right) \left[ 1\right] \) equipped with the Gerstenhaber bracket \(\left[ \left[ -,-\right] \right] \) is a graded Lie algebra, where the tag \(\left[ 1\right] \) indicates a new grading put on \(\mathfrak{D}^{\bullet}\left( A,M\right) \) that decreases its original grading by \(1\). When \(A\rightarrow M\) is a Lie algebroid (denoted as \(A\Rightarrow M\)) with Lie bracket \(b_{A}:\times^{2}\Gamma\left( A\right) \rightarrow\Gamma\left( A\right) \) which is an element of \(\mathfrak{D}^{2}\left( A,M\right) \), we get a differential \(\delta:=\left[ \left[ b_{A},-\right] \right] \) on \(\mathfrak{D}^{\bullet}\left( A,M\right) \left[ 1\right] \) with \(\delta\circ\delta=0\), and \(\mathfrak{D}^{\bullet }\left( A,M\right) \left[ 1\right] \) equipped with \(\delta\) is a differential graded Lie algebra, denoted as \(C_{\mathrm{def}}^{\bullet}\left( A,M\right) \) and called the deformation complex of \(A\Rightarrow M\). Lie algebroid structures \(b\in\mathfrak{D}^{2}\left( A,M\right) \) on the underlying vector bundle \(A\rightarrow M\), called deformations of \(b_{A}\), are in a bijective correspondence with the Maurer-Cartan elements \(c\in \mathfrak{D}^{2}\left( A,M\right) \) characterized by the equation \(\delta c+\frac{1}{2}\left[ \left[ c,c\right] \right] =0\), via \(c=b-b_{A}\). The authors then show that if two deformations \(b_{1},b_{2}\) of \(b_{A}\) are equivalent in the sense of \(b_{0}=\phi_{t}^{\ast}b_{1}\) for a smooth path of vector bundle automorphisms \(\phi_{t}:A\rightarrow A\) with \(\phi _{0}=\mathrm{id}_{A}\), then the Maurer-Cartan elements \(c_{0}:=b_{0}-b_{A}\) and \(c_{1}:=b_{1}-b_{A}\) are gauge-equivalent in the sense that they are connected by a smooth path of 1-cochains \(c_{t}\in\mathfrak{D}^{2}\left( A,M\right) \) of \(C_{\mathrm{def}}^{\bullet}\left( A,M\right) \) such that \(\frac{dc_{t}}{dt}=\delta\Delta_{t}+\left[ \left[ c_{t},\Delta_{t}\right] \right] \) for some smooth path of 0-cochains \(\Delta_{t}\in\mathfrak{D}^{1}\left( A,M\right) \). Furthermore the converse holds when \(M\) is compact. The authors proceed to recall the concept of a double vector bundle \(\left( W\rightarrow E;A\rightarrow M\right) \) with \(\left( TE\rightarrow E;TM\rightarrow M\right) \) for a vector bundle \(E\rightarrow M\) as an example, and the property that the \(C^{\infty}\left( E\right) \)-module \(\Gamma\left( W,E\right) \) of sections of \(W\rightarrow E\) is spanned by the space \(\Gamma_{\mathrm{core}}\left( W,E\right) \) of core sections, characterized by weight \(-1\), and the space \(\Gamma_{\mathrm{lin}}\left( W,E\right) \) of linear sections, characterized by weight \(0\), where \(w\in\Gamma\left( W,E\right) \) is of weight \(q\) if \(h_{\lambda}^{\ast }w=\lambda^{q}w\) for all fiber-wise scaling maps \(h_{\lambda}=\lambda\cdot\) with \(\lambda>0\). After the introduction of a VB-algebroid as a double vector bundle \(\left( W\rightarrow E;A\rightarrow M\right) \) such that \(W\rightarrow E\) is a Lie algebroid with anchor map \(\rho_{W}:W\rightarrow TE\) being a vector bundle map covering a vector bundle map \(\rho_{A}:A\rightarrow TM\) and the Lie bracket \(\left[ -,-\right] _{W}\) on \(\Gamma\left( W,E\right) \) being of weight \(0\), it is noted that VB-algebroid structures on \(\left( W\rightarrow E;A\rightarrow M\right) \), called (linear) deformations of \(b_{W}\), are in a bijective correspondence with Maurer-Cartan elements of the differential graded Lie subalgebra \(C_{\mathrm{def,lin}}^{\bullet}\left( W,E\right) :=\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{lin}}^{\bullet}\left( W,E\right) \left[ 1\right] \) of \(C_{\mathrm{def}}^{\bullet}\left( W,E\right) \equiv\mathcal{D}^{\bullet }\left( W,E\right) \left[ 1\right] \) consisting of linear (or weight-\(0\)) multiderivations, where \(\delta_{W}\in\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{lin}}^{2}\left( W,E\right) \) is indeed a linear bi-derivation. The above result of a correspondence between deformations and Maurer-Cartan elements preserving equivalence relations for a Lie algebroid is extended to deformations of \(b_{W}\) and Maurer-Cartan elements of the linear deformation complex \(C_{\mathrm{def,lin}}^{\bullet}\left( W,E\right) \) for the case of VB-algebroids \(\left( W\Rightarrow E;A\Rightarrow M\right) \). The authors also put the above objects and concepts in the context of graded differential geometry to provide more insight, from which it is noted that there is a natural surjection \(C_{\mathrm{def,lin}}^{\bullet}\left( W,E\right) \rightarrow C_{\mathrm{def}}^{\bullet}\left( A,M\right) \), giving rise to a short exact sequence of differential graded Lie algebras and hence a long exact sequence connecting deformation cohomologies \(H_{\mathrm{def,lin}}^{\bullet}\left( W\right) \) and \(H_{\mathrm{def}}^{\bullet}\left( A\right) \). Furthermore it is found that the canonical embedding \(C_{\mathrm{def,lin}}^{\bullet}\left( W,E\right) \hookrightarrow C_{\mathrm{def}}^{\bullet}\left( W,E\right) \) of cochain complexes splits and hence induces an embedding \(H_{\mathrm{def,lin}}^{\bullet}\left( W\right) \hookrightarrow H_{\mathrm{def}}^{\bullet}\left( W\right) \) of deformation cohomology groups. These abstract general results and settings are applied and analyzed in detail for more specific types of VB-algebroids, e.g. VB algebras, LA-vector spaces, and the tangent and the cotangent VB-algebroids of a Lie algebroid.