On derived equivalences of \(K3\) surfaces in positive characteristic (Q2313388)

It is classically known that many geometric properties of a smooth projective variety can be recovered from the study of its bounded derived category of coherent sheaves. For instance, a famous result by Bondal and Orlov states that smooth projective varieties with ample (anti)canonical bundle and equivalent bounded derived categories are isomorphic. This is not true in general and \(K3\) surfaces provide a counterexample as noted by \textit{S. Mukai} [in: Vector bundles on algebraic varieties, Pap. Colloq., Bombay 1984, Stud. Math., Tata Inst. Fundam. Res. 11, 341--413 (1987; Zbl 0674.14023)]. The case of \(K3\) surfaces has been widely investigated from this viewpoint. Over \(\mathbb{C}\), the work of Mukai [loc. cit.] and \textit{D. O. Orlov} [J. Math. Sci., New York 84, No. 5, 1361--1381 (1997; Zbl 0938.14019)] implies that the number of non-isomorphic Fourier-Mukai partners of a \(K3\) surface \(X\), i.e. of surfaces with equivalent bounded derived category to that of \(X\), is finite. In [\textit{S. Hosono} et al., in: Algebraic structures and moduli spaces. Proceedings of the CRM workshop, Montréal, Canada, July 14-20, 2003. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS). 177--192 (2004; Zbl 1076.14045)] the authors provided a counting formula for this number. In positive characteristic this problem has been studied by Lieblich and Olsson, who proved, among all, the finiteness of non-isomorphic Fourier-Mukai partners and the derived Torelli Theorem. The first main result of this paper is Theorem 4.11, which states that the number of Fourier-Mukai partners of an ordinary \(K3\) surface \(X\), over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic, is the same as the number of Fourier-Mukai partners of the generic geometric fiber of the canonical lift of \(X\) to characteristic \(0\). The author also studies the group of derived autoequivalences \(\operatorname{Auteq}(X)\) of a \(K3\) surface \(X\) of finite height over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic \(>3\). Denoting by \(K\) the field of fractions of the Witt ring of \(k\), Theorem 3.18 states that the image of \(\operatorname{Auteq}(X)\) in the automorphisms group of the Mukai F-isocrystal \(\mathcal{H}^*_{crys}(X/K)\) has index at least \(2\). Furthermore, in Theorem 4.5 it is proved that the automorphism group of an ordinary \(K3\) surface lifts to characteristic \(0\). This result is consistent with the idea that ordinary \(K3\) surfaces behave like complex \(K3\) surfaces. Finally, Theorem 4.14 provides a counting formula to the number of non-isomorphic Fourier-Mukai partners in the case of a \(K3\) surface with Picard rank two and discriminant equal to the opposite of a prime number, in terms of the class number of the prime.