Perturbation of threshold of essential spectrum for waveguides with windows. I: Decreasing resonance solutions (Q2356538)

Let \(x = (x^\prime, x_3)\) and \(x^\prime = (x_1, x_2)\) be the Cartesian coordinates in \(\mathbb R^3\) and \(\mathbb R^2\), respectively, and let \(\omega\) (window) be a bounded connected domain in \(\mathbb R^2\) with \(C^\infty\) boundary. Set \(\Pi_\omega = \{x : x_3 \in (-d, 0) \cup (0, \pi)\} \cup\omega\), where \(d \leq \pi\). Consider the magnetic Schrödinger operator \(\mathcal{H}_\omega=(i\nabla + A)^2+V\) in \(\Pi_\omega\) with the Dirichlet boundary condition, where the magnetic and electric potentials \(A = A(x) = (A_1(x),A_2(x),A_3(x))\) and \(V = V(x)\) are assumed to be infinitely differentiable and compactly supported. The essential spectrum \(\sigma_{\mathrm{ess}}(\mathcal{H}_\omega)=[1,+\infty)\). The author proves that there are critical window shapes such that an indefinitely small enlargement of the window size (\(\omega\to\omega_\varepsilon\)) generates one or several eigenvalues emerging from the threshold of the essential spectrum. Before stating other results, we need some definitions. By a bound state we mean a situation where there exists an isolated eigenvalue of the operator \(\mathcal{H}_{\omega_\varepsilon}\) emerging from the threshold of the essential spectrum, i.e., there exists a nontrivial solution to the boundary value problem \[ ((i\nabla+A)^2+V)\psi_\varepsilon=(1-k^2_\varepsilon)\psi_\varepsilon \text{ in }\Pi_{\omega_\varepsilon},\quad \psi_\varepsilon=0\text{ on } \partial\Pi_{\omega_\varepsilon},\tag{1} \] in the space \(L^2(\Pi_{\omega_\varepsilon})\) for \(k^2_\varepsilon>0\) and the solution exponentially decreases as \(x^\prime\to\infty\). By an anti-bound state we mean a situation where there exists a nontrivial solution to problem (1), but, in this case, \(\mathrm{Re}(k^2_\varepsilon) > 0\) and the nontrivial solution exponentially increases for \(x_3 \in (0, \pi)\) and exponentially decreases for \(x_3 \in (-d, 0)\) as \(x^\prime\to +\infty\). By a resonance state we mean a situation where there exists a nontrivial solution to problem (1) with \(\mathrm{Re}(k^2_\varepsilon) < 0\). In this case, the solution is again assumed to be exponentially decreasing at infinity for \(x_3 \in (-d, 0)\), whereas the behavior of the solution is described by an oscillating exponent for \(x_3 \in (0, \pi)\). According to the second main result of the paper under review, small perturbations of a critical window shape lead to bound, anti-bound, and resonance states emerging from the threshold of the essential spectrum. The author describes the asymptotic behavior of these states and shows that every decreasing resonance function generates either a pair of bound and anti-bound states or a pair of resonance states, whereas a logarithmically increasing resonance function generates no such states.