Automorphism groups of pseudoreal Riemann surfaces (Q2396812)

A compact Riemann surface (or smooth complex projective curve) \(X\) is called \textit{pseudo-real} if it is isomorphic to its complex conjugate \(\overline{X}\) but is not isomorphic to one that is defined by polynomials with real coefficients, or equivalently, if \(X\) has anti-conformal automorphisms but no anti-conformal automorphism of order 2. The disjoint union of the locus of pseudo-real Riemann surfaces and the locus of real Riemann surfaces is the fixed locus of the natural involution \(X \to \overline{X}\) on the moduli space \({\mathcal M}_g\) of surfaces/curves of genus \(g \geq 2\). In this paper, the authors produce some new theorems about the classification of pseudo-real Riemann surfaces by their automorphism groups. For example, with \(G =\mathrm{Aut}^+(X)\) being the conformal automorphism group of the Riemann surface \(X\), they prove that (a) if \(X\) is pseudo-real and the quotient surface \(X/Z(G)\) has genus zero, then \(G\) is abelian, and (b) if \(Z(G)\) trivial and either \(\mathrm{Out}(G)\) contains no involutions or \(\mathrm{Inn}(G)\) is complemented in \(\mathrm{Aut}(G)\), then \(X\) is not pseudo-real. Also they provide an algorithm (implemented in \texttt{Magma}) for classifying the automorphism groups of pseudo-real Riemann surfaces of given (small) genus \(g \geq 2\). This uses a database of all groups acting on some Riemann surface of small genus (created by \textit{J. Paulhus} [``Branching data for curves up to genus 48'', \url{arxiv:1512.07657}] using earlier work by \textit{T. Breuer} [Characters and automorphism groups of compact Riemann surfaces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2000; Zbl 0952.30001)]), and results in a complete determination of all pseudoreal Riemann surfaces up to genus \(10\) (extending earlier work by Emilio Bujalance, Antonio Costa and the reviewer [\textit{E. Bujalance} et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 362, No. 7, 3365--3376 (2010; Zbl 1201.30047)]).