Differential Galois theory and Darboux transformations for integrable systems (Q2400267)

In the paper the authors consider the AKNS system \[ \Phi_x=U\Phi,\qquad \Phi_y=V\Phi, \] where the matrices \(U\) and \(V\) are defined over the differential ring \(\mathbb{C}[\lambda ]\{u\}\) generated by the meromorphic function \(u(x,t)\) and the parameter \(\lambda\). In the case when the matrices \(U\), \(V\) of the system satisfy the zero curvature condition: \[ U_t-V_x+[U_t, V_x]=0, \] this system defines the Picard-Vessiot extension of the field \(\mathbb{C}< u > \) and one can speak about Galois group of the system. The authors study the Darboux transformations for this system and show that the Galois group of the transformed system is isomorphic to some subgroup of the Galois group of the original system.