Abundance of fast growth of the number of periodic points in two-dimensional area-preserving dynamics (Q2412375)

The author considers the question of growth of the number of periodic points for two-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. A key concept here is ``at most exponential growth'' in the number of periodic points. This is defined as follows: a continuous map \(f\) on a topological space \(X\), \(f:X\to X\), satisfies condition Exp if the number of periodic points grows at most exponentially, so there exists \(\lambda>1\) such that \[ \limsup_{n\to\infty}\, {1\over\lambda^n}\#\{x\in X: f^n(x)= x\}= 0, \] where \(\#\) denotes the cardinality of the set. The author's main result is the following: if \(\text{Ham}^\omega(\mathbb{T}^2)\) is the space of real-analytic diffeomorphisms of the two-torus with the \(C^\omega\)-topology, and if \(\text{Per}_h(f,n)\) and \(\text{Per}_e(f, n)\) denote the set of periodic hyperbolic and elliptic periodic points of \(f\) whose least period is \(\pi\), then there is an open subset \(U\) of \(\text{Ham}^\omega(\mathbb{T}^2)\) such that maps satisfying the two conditions below are dense in \(U\) for any given sequence \((\gamma_n)_{n\geq 1}\) of positive integers. (1) All periodic points of \(f\) are non-degenerate. (2) \(\limsup_{n\to\infty} {\min[\#\text{Per}_h(f,n), \#\text{Per}_c(f,n)]\over \gamma_n}=+\infty\). Then, with \(\gamma_n= 2^{n^2}\), any map in the dense set does not satisfy condition Exp, and thus is super-exponential. The author also proves a related result for the category of smooth mappings. Proofs of both results are based on applications of KAM theory.