Cone-decompositions of Lagrangian cobordisms in Lefschetz fibrations (Q2412559)

Let \(\pi:E\to\mathbb C\) be a Lefshetz fibration. Lagrangian submanifolds with cylindrical ends are called cobordisms. A cobordism \(V\) is said to be negative if the projection of \(V\) to \(\mathbb C\) is a union of rays \(\ell_i=(-\infty,a_i]\times\{i\}\) outside a compact subset. \(\mathcal L^\ast(E)\) denote the class of negative cobordisms. \(^\ast\) indicates monotonicity, which is explained in Section 2. In Section 3, the associated derived Fukaya category \(D\mathcal Fuk^\ast (E)\) or \(D\mathcal Fuk^\ast(E:\tau)\) over the universal Novikov ring \(\mathcal A\) over \(\mathbb Z_2\) of \(\mathcal L^\ast(E)\) are constructed. Then the main theorem of this paper is: Theorem 4.1 Let \(V\in\mathcal L^\ast (E)\) have \(s\) cylindrical ends \(L_i=V|_{z_i}\), \(1\leq i\leq s\). There exist finite-rank \(\mathcal A\)-modules \(E_k\), \(1\leq k\leq m\) and an iterated cone decomposition taking place in \(D\mathcal Fuk^\ast(E;\tau)\): \[ \begin{aligned} V\cong & (T_1\otimes E_1\to E_2\otimes E_2\to\cdots\to T_m\otimes E_m\to\\ & \to\gamma_sL_s\to\gamma_{s-1}L_{s-1}\to\cdots\to\gamma_2L_2).\end{aligned} \] Moreover the category \(D\mathcal Fuk^\ast (E:\tau)\) is independent of \(\tau\) up to equivalence. The authors say that this theorem is a simultaneous generalization of the following two methods to produce exact triangles in Fukaya category. The first one associates an exact sequence of the form \[ \tau_SL\to L\to S\otimes HF (S,L), \] to the Dehn twist \(\tau_S:M\to M\) and corresponds to a Lagrangian sphere \(S\) and any \(L\in\mathcal L^\ast (M)\) [\textit{P. Seidel}, Fukaya categories and Picard-Lefschetz theory. Zürich: European Mathematical Society (EMS) (2008; Zbl 1159.53001), Chapter III, Section 17). The second one uses the fact that if \(V\subset\mathbb C\times M\) is a cobordism, then the ends of \(V\) are related by a cone decomposition in \(D\mathcal Fuk\ast (M)\) [\textit{P. Biran} and \textit{O. Cornea}, Geom. Funct. Anal. 24, No. 6, 1731--1830 (2014; Zbl 1306.55003), Section 1.3]. As consequences of Theorem 4.1, a first intimate relation between cobordisms in \(E\) and the triangular decompositions in the (derived) Fukaya category of the fiber is shown (Section 5, Corollary 5.1.1). Then adopting Theorem 4.1, the Grothendieck group \(K_0(D\mathcal Fuk^\ast(M))\) is studied and one obtains the periodic isomorphism \[ K_0(D\mathcal Fuk^\ast(C\times M))\cong\mathbb Z_2[t]\otimes K_0(D\mathcal Fuk^\ast(M)), \] provided \(E=\mathbb C\times M\) (Corollary 5.5.1). After explaining Lefshetz fibration (Section 2) and the construction of the Fukaya category of cobordism \(\mathcal Fuk^\ast(E)\) (Section 3), Theorem 4.1 is proved in Section 4. The proof consists of three main ingredients. First, for a special class of cobordism \(V'\), remote cobordism, the only intersections with an object \(X\) of \(\mathcal Fuk^\ast(E)\) are shown to occur in the region where both \(V'\) and \(X\) are cylindrical (Section 4.3). As the second ingredient, Section 4.4 shows how to transform a general cobordism \(V\) into a remote one, which is obtained by iterating the Dehn twist. The third ingredient is Seidel's exact triangle for which a new proof reflecting the authors' cobordism perspective is given (Section 4.5). A cobordism \(V'\) remote with respect to \(E\) obtained by the iterated Dehn twist of a cobordism \(V\) admits a certain decomposition involving the ends of \(V\) by the first step. \(V'\) also related \(V\) by another decomposition involving the matching cycles \(S_i\) by using Seidel exact triangles. Combining these two decompositions, Theorem 4.1 is proved (Section 4.6). Section 6, the last section, focuses on a class of Lagrangian in real fibrations.