Well-posedness and Gevrey analyticity of the generalized Keller-Segel system in critical Besov spaces (Q2413460)

The well-posedness of the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system with fractional diffusion \[ \begin{align*}{ \partial_t u & = - (-\Delta)^{\alpha/2} u - \mathrm{div}( u \nabla \psi )\ \;\text{ in }\; \mathbb{R}^n\times (0,\infty)\ , \cr - \Delta \psi & = u\ \;\text{ in }\; \mathbb{R}^n\times (0,\infty)\ , }\end{align*} \] is investigated, when the initial condition \(u_0\) belongs to some Besov space and \(\alpha\in [1,2]\). Here, \(n\geq 2\), the fractional Laplacian \((-\Delta)^{\alpha/2}\) is the pseudo-differential operator with Fourier symbol \(|\xi|^\alpha\), and the solution \(\psi\) to the Poisson equation \(-\Delta\psi = u\) is given by the convolution of \(u\) with the usual Poisson kernel. Assuming that \(u_0\) belongs to the homogeneous Besov space \(\dot{B}_{p,q}^{-\alpha+n/p}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) with \((p,q)\in [1,\infty]^2\) when \(\alpha\in (1,2]\) and \(q=1\) when \(\alpha=1\), the local existence and uniqueness of a mild solution are shown, the case \(p=\infty\) requiring additionally a smallness condition on \(\|u_0\|_{\dot{B}_{\infty,1}^{-\alpha}}\) to be handled. Gevery regularity is also derived, as well as global existence and temporal decay estimates for small initial data. The proof relies on the regularizing properties of \((-\Delta)^{\alpha/2}\) and \((-\Delta)^{-1}\) in Besov spaces, Bony's paraproduct decomposition to estimate the bilinear term, and Duhamel's formula.