Quantum Lax pairs via Dunkl and Cherednik operators (Q2421540)

This work establishes a direct link between Dunkl operators and quantum Lax matrices for the well-known Calogero-Moser systems [\textit{F. Calogero}, ``Exactly solvable one-dimensional many-body systems'', Lett. Nuovo Cim. 13, 411--415 (1975; \url{doi:10.1007/BF02790495})]. Let us recall that Lax pairs have been for a long time instrumental for finite- and infinite-dimensional integrable systems since Lax and Flaschka gave their earliest examples [\textit{P. D. Lax}, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 21, 467--490 (1968; Zbl 0162.41103); \textit{H. Flaschka}, Prog. Theor. Phys. 51, 703--716 (1974; Zbl 0942.37505)]. Unlike a vast literature devoted to various generalizations and developments of deriving Moser's Lax matrix [\textit{D. Kazhdan} et al., Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 31, 481--507 (1978; Zbl 0368.58008)], starting from the original works [\textit{J. Moser}, Adv. Math. 16, 197--220 (1975; Zbl 0303.34019); \textit{H.Upino} et al., ``Integrability of the quantum Calogero-Moser model'', J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 61, No. 10, 3425--3427 (1992; \url{doi:10.1143/JPSJ.61.3425})], which simply present the Lax pairs without explanation of how they were found, the present paper explains the direct link between the Dunkl operators and quantum Lax pairs that was inspired by an observation due to Etingof-Ginzburg's paper [\textit{P. Etingof} and \textit{V. Ginzburg}, Invent. Math. 147, No. 2, 243--348 (2002; Zbl 1061.16032)] where they derived the classical Moser's Lax matrix from the representation theory of Cherednik algebras. The structure of the present work is as follows. Section 2, entitled as `Dunkl Operators and Quantum Lax Pairs' reminds first the link between Dunkl operators and rational Calogero-Moser systems. It presents the main construction in the rational case and illustrates this construction by deriving the quantum Lax pair. Section 3 generalizes this to the trigonometric relativistic case where the Dunkl operators are replaced by the Cherednik ones. Section 4 applies the previous results to calculate a Lax matrix for the Koornwinder-van Diejen system. In Section 5 the authors deal with the elliptic Calogero-Moser systems and use elliptic Dunkl operators. Section 6 aims to establish the existence of a Lax pair for any root system that is reflected in Proposition 6.13 and Theorem 6.15. One of the main application of their work, as the authors suggest, is the calculation of a Lax matrix for the elliptic \(BC_n\) case with nine coupling constants (van Diejen system) that provides the answer to a longstanding problem.