Bounded and unbounded motions in asymmetric oscillators at resonance (Q2439760)

Consider the equation \[ x''+ax^+ -bx^- +g(x)=p(t), \] where \(a\), \(b\) are positive constants and \(p(t)\) is a \(2\pi\)-periodic function. This equation was considered in the seventies by Lazer and Leach (in the case \(a=b\)) and by Fucik and Dancer (in the case \(a\neq b\)). These authors obtained sharp conditions for the existence of \(2\pi\)-periodic solutions. More recently several authors have proved that similar conditions can be relevant to discuss the boundedness of all solutions. The basic strategy in the proofs of the more recent results is to apply Moser's invariant curve theorem in the action-angle coordinates associated to the isochronous system obtained for \(g=0\) and \(p=0\). In the present paper Ma and Wang replace these coordinates by the action-angle variables of the non-isochronous system \[ x''+ax^+ -bx^- +g(x)=0. \] In this way they obtain improvements of previous results. In particular they allow functions \(g\) which are unbounded or oscillatory.