Semi-groups of analytic functions that contain the identity map (Q2467671)

Let \(D\) be a hyperbolic domain in \(\mathbb{C}\) and \({\mathcal F}\) be a family of analytic functions \(f: D\to D\). It is said that \(F_n\) is a composition sequence for the family \({\mathcal F}\) if there are functions \(f_j\in{\mathcal F}\) such that \(F_n= f_1\circ\cdots\circ f_n\). Denote by \({\mathcal F}_0\) the semigroup consisting of all finite compositions of functions chosen from the family \({\mathcal F}\). \textit{A. F. Beardon} showed [Comput. Methods Funct. Theory 1, No. 1, 235--248 (2001; Zbl 1018.30020)] that if the closure \(\overline{{\mathcal F}_0}\) of \({\mathcal F}_0\) does not contain the identity map, or any constant map whose value is in \(\partial D\), then any composition sequence of \({\mathcal F}\) converges locally uniformly in \(D\) to a constant function in \(D\). In this paper, the author considers the case when \(\overline{{\mathcal F}_0}\) can contain the identity map. Let \(\rho_D(z_1, z_2)\) be the hyperbolic distance between the points \(z_1, z_2\in D\), and let \[ f^*(z)= \lim_{z_1\to z} {\rho_D(f(z_1), f(z_2))\over \rho_D(z_1, z_2)},\quad z_1, z_2\in D. \] The author obtains the following theorem. Suppose that \(\overline{{\mathcal F}_0}\) does not contain any constant map whose value is in \(\partial D\). Then the composition sequence \(F_n\) converges locally uniformly in \(D\) to a constant function if and only if either the series \[ \sum^\infty_{n= 1} (1- f^*_n(z)) \] diverges at every point in \(D\), or at least one of the functions \(f_n\) is constant.