Spectral properties of bipolar minimal surfaces in \(\mathbb S^4\) (Q2474210)

From the author's abstract: ``The \(i\)-th eigenvalue of the Laplacian on a surface can be viewed as a functional on the space of Riemannian metrics of fixed area. Extremal points of these functionals correspond to surfaces admitting minimal isometric immersions into spheres. Recently, critical metrics for the first eigenvalue were classified on tori and on Klein bottles. The present paper is concerned with extremal metrics for higer eigenvalues on these surfaces. We apply a classical construction due to Lawson. For the bipolar surface \(\widetilde{\tau}_{r,k}\) of the Lawson's torus or Klein bottle \(\tau_{r,k}\) it is shown that: 1) If \(\text{rk}\equiv 0\bmod 2\), \(\widetilde{\tau}_{r,k}\) is a torus with an extremal metric for \(\lambda_{4r-2}\) and \(\lambda_{4r+2}\). (2) If \(\text{rk}\equiv 1\bmod 4\), \(\widetilde{\tau}_{r,k}\) is a torus with an extremal metric for \(\lambda_{2r-2}\) and \(\lambda_{2r+2}\). (3) If \(\text{rk}\equiv 3\bmod 4\), \(\widetilde{\tau}_{r,k}\) is a Klein bottle with an extremal metric for \(\lambda_{r-2}\) and \(\lambda_{r+2}\). Furthermore, we find explicitly the \(S^{1}\)-equivariant minimal immersion of the bipolar surfaces into \(S^{4}\) by the corresponding eigenfunctions.'' Here \(\lambda_{0}\leq\lambda_{1}\leq\lambda_{2}\leq\dots \) are the eigenvalues of the Laplacian.