Braided version of Shirshov-Witt theorem (Q2581394)

Over a field \(k\) of characteristic 0, the Shirshov-Witt theorem for the freedom of the subalgebras of a free Lie algebra can be restated in terms of free associative algebras: Every Hopf subalgebra of a free algebra \(k\langle x_i\rangle\) with coproduct \(\delta(x_i)=x_i\otimes 1+1\otimes x_i\) is free, and it is freely generated by primitive elements. In the paper under review the author wants to extend this result to free algebras with a braided coproduct as far as possible. If \(\widehat{S}=k\langle V\rangle\) is the free associative algebra generated by a braided space \(V\), then a subalgebra which is a right categorical right coideal of \(\widehat{S}\) is free. Then the author considers the case of involutive braidings, \(\tau^{2}=\text{ id}\), in characteristic 0, when every braided Hopf subalgebra again is generated by primitive elements. The vector space of primitive elements is a free Lie \(\tau\)-algebra. The main result in this case is that every right categorical Lie \(\tau\)-subalgebra \(L\) of the free Lie \(\tau\)-algebra coincides with the set of primitive elements of a suitable right categorical free associative algebra \(k\langle X\rangle\) of \(k\langle V\rangle\). If the subspace \(X\) can be chosen to be braided, then the Lie \(\tau\)-subalgebra \(L\) is free. The result is closely related with the possibility of embedding of a Lie \(\tau\)-algebra in its associative universal enveloping algebra and the author discusses the arising situation.