Zeros of para-orthogonal polynomials and linear spectral transformations on the unit circle (Q261878)

It is well known that, contrary to the real case, the zeros of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle are not in the support of the orthogonality measure. Therefore, they cannot be used in certain applications, for instance, as nodes of quadrature formulas defined on the unit circle. In the last years, a weakened form of orthogonality, called para-orthogonality, has been introduced in the literature in the framework of quadrature rules with nodes on the unit circle. The earliest reference is found in a paper by Geronimus. In a general setting, the para-orthogonal polynomials were introduced by Jones, Njastad and Thron at the end of the 1980's. The essential role of the para-orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle in the development of quadrature formulas, came from the fact that they have the zeros on the unit circle. Moreover, they are simple and interlace. The aim of this paper is to study the behavior of the zeros of para-orthogonal polynomials under some perturbations of the measure. More specifically, the authors prove that the zeros of para-orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle associated with the Uvarov and Christoffel transformations not necessarily interlace with the zeros of the original sequence. The authors obtain conditions in order to preserve this interlacing property.