Wasserstein distance and the rectifiability of doubling measures. I (Q2634870)

The authors consider the quantity \[ {\mathbb W}_{1}(\mu, \nu)=\sup\limits_{\psi}\left|\int\psi d\mu -\int\psi d\nu\right|, \] where \(\mu\) and \(\nu\) are measures in \({\mathbb R}^n\), whose restrictions on unit ball are probability measures, and the supremum is taken over all functions \(\psi: {\mathbb R}^{n}\mapsto {\mathbb R}\) such that \(|\psi(x) -\psi(y)|\leq |x-y|\). This value is a version of the \(L^{1}\)-Wasserstein distance. Let \(A(d,n)\) be the set of \(d\)-dimensional affine planes in \({\mathbb R}^n\), and \(A'(d,n)\) -- the set of planes \(V\in A(d,n)\) that intersect the ball with center at the origin and with radius \(1/2\). Let \(V\in A'(d,n)\), and \(\nu_V\) is normalized restriction of \(d\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure on intersection of \(V\) and this ball. The authors introduce numbers \[ \alpha_{d}(x, r)=\inf\{{\mathbb W}_{1}(\mu_{x,r}, \nu_{V}): V\in A'(d,n)\}, \] where \[ \mu_{x,r}(A)=\frac{\mu(x+rA)}{\mu(B(x,r))}, \] and \(B(x,r)\) is ball with center \(x\) and radius \(r\). The paper describes relations between rectifiability of measure \(\mu\) and rectifiability of its support in terms of the characteristics \(\alpha_{d}(x, r)\).