Relative stability conditions on Fukaya categories of surfaces (Q2672699)

Since Mumford introduced the concept of slope-stability of holomorphic bundles on a Riemann surface, when he built geometric invariant theory to construct moduli spaces, there has been many expansions and generalizations. Bridgeland defined a stability condition on triangulated categories, inspired by Douglas' \(\Pi\)-stability condition on BPS D-branes on a Calabi-Yau manifold in string theory considering slope-stability condition under variations of Kähler class, [\textit{T. Bridgeland}, Ann. Math. (2) 166, No. 2, 317--345 (2007; Zbl 1137.18008)]. A Bridgeland-stability condition \(\sigma=(Z,\mathcal{P})\) on a triangulated category \(\mathcal{D}\) is a pair of a group homomorphism \(Z:K(\mathcal{D})\to \mathbb{C}\) from the Grothendieck group of the category to the group of complex numbers and an \(\mathbb{R}\)-graded collection \(\mathcal{P}:=\cup_{\phi\in \mathbb{R}} \mathcal{P}(\phi)\) of objects of \(\mathcal{D}\), which consists of full additive subcategories of \(\mathcal{D}\), satisfying the 4 axioms, see Definition 1.1 of [\textit{T. Bridgeland}, Ann. Math. (2) 166, No. 2, 317--345 (2007; Zbl 1137.18008)]. One of interesting properties of the space of Bridgeland-stability conditions on a triangulated category is that it carries a natural topology and indeed it is a complex manifold. So one could get an invariant of a triangulated category or of the underlying geometry, for example, Joyce's Hall algebra [\textit{D. Joyce}, Adv. Math. 215, No. 1, 153--219 (2007; Zbl 1134.14007)], Kontsevich-Soibelmans's motivic Hall algebra [\textit{M. Kontsevich} and \textit{Y. Soibelman}, ``Stability structures, motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants and cluster transformations'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:0811.2435}], with extension of theories. The space of stability conditions on the partially wrapped Fukaya category of a graded marked Riemann surface are known to be related to the moduli space of quadratic differentials [\textit{T. Bridgeland} and \textit{I. Smith}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 121, 155--278 (2015; Zbl 1328.14025)] (considering quiver structures), or to the moduli space of flat structures on the given Riemann surface [\textit{F. Haiden} et al., Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 126, 247--318 (2017; Zbl 1390.32010)] under homeomorphisms. A flat surface \((\Sigma,\Omega)\) is a pair of a Riemann surface \(\Sigma\) and a holomorphic 1-form \(\Omega\) on it. Denote \(\widehat{x}\), the set of zeroes of the holomorpic 1-form \(\Omega\). Then the holomorphic 1-form \(\Omega\) gives rise to a flat Riemannian metric on the complement \(\Sigma\setminus \widehat{x}\) of the zero-sets in the Riemann surface, with cone singularities on \(\widehat{x}\), with straight line flow \(\eta\) and vise versa. The straight line flow \(\eta\), or horizontal foliation provides a grading on \(\Sigma\) and the cone singularities give markings on the boundaries of the induced Riemann surface with boundary. Partially wrapped Fukaya category of a graded marked Riemann surface consists of Lagrangian submanifolds, with conical ends on the marked boundaries up to isotopy, as objects and Lagrangian Floer complexes as morphisms. Every (oriented) arcs, embedded(immersed) interval with ends on marked boundaries or embedded(immersed) circles, on a Riemann surface is a (graded) Lagrangian submanifold of the Riemann surface, considering a volume form as a symplectic structure. Using Dehn twists and Polterovich surgery under partially wrapping, we can drive objects in a complex of nice-shaped indecomposable objects, see Section 3.2 and Corollary 24. Integration \(H_{1}(\Sigma,\partial \Sigma;\mathbb{Z}_{\eta})\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}}H^{1}_{dR}(\Sigma,\partial \Sigma;\mathbb{C}_{\eta})\to \mathbb{C}\) gives rise to periods of flat surfaces, where \(\mathbb{Z}_{\eta}\) is \(\mathbb{Z}\) tensor with a locally constant sheaf from the canonical double cover of \((\Sigma,\eta)\), \(\mathbb{C}_{\eta}:=\mathbb{Z}_{\eta}\otimes \mathbb{C}\). The period map \(Z:K_{0}(\mathcal{F}(\Sigma))\to H_{1}(\Sigma,\partial \Sigma;\mathbb{Z}_{\eta})\to \mathbb{C}\) satisfies the axiom of Bridgeland-stability conditions, [\textit{F. Haiden} et al., Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 126, 247--318 (2017; Zbl 1390.32010)]. In the paper under review, the author constructed stability conditions on partially wrapped Fukaya categories of graded marked Riemann surfaces in a functorial manner, in other words, in a way of cutting-and-gluing a Riemann surface with flat structure. The author defined the set of relative stability conditions, where stability conditions are defined over extended surface: Let \(S\) be a Riemann surface with an embedded interval \(\gamma\) which connects two adjacent marked boundary intervals \(M\), \(M'\) and runs parallel to the unmarked boundary interval between them. A relative stability condition on the pair \((S, \gamma)\) consists of: \begin{itemize} \item an integer \(n\geq 2\), and \item a stability condition \(\widetilde{\sigma}\in \text{Stab}(\mathcal{F}(S\cup_{\gamma}\Delta_{n}))\), where \(S\cup_{\gamma}\Delta_{n})\) is the extended surface obtained by gluing a disk \(\Delta_{n}\), with \(n\)-marked boundary intervals, to \(S\) at \(\gamma\) along one of its unmarked boundaries. \end{itemize} Then the author carefully chose the reduced arc system to get an equivalence relation on the set of relative stability conditions. In the section 4.4, there is an interesting example of other equivalences, from the non-reduced arc system, where the quotient space fails to be Hausdorff. The main result of the paper is that the quotient space is Hausdorff and can be glued to the space of global stability conditions: When we decompose a marked surface \(\Sigma\) into two surfaces \(\Sigma=\Sigma_{L}\cup_{\gamma} \Sigma_{R}\) glued along arcs \(\gamma\). There is a subset \(\Gamma\subset \text{RelStab}(\Sigma_{L},\gamma)\times \text{RelStab}(\Sigma_{R},\gamma)\) and continuous maps \[\text{Stab}(\mathcal{F}(\Sigma))\xrightarrow{\text{cut}_{\gamma}}\Gamma\xrightarrow{\text{glue}_{\gamma}} \text{Stab}(\mathcal{F}(\Sigma))\] that are inverse homeomorphisms, when restricted to the locus of stability conditions whose stable objects are all supported on intervals. At the end of the paper, the author casts a question how one could extend the definition of relative stability conditions to wrapped Fukaya categories of higher-dimensional symplectic manifolds: What is the basic building block of stability conditions that can be glued to the global stability conditions? On one hand, Weinstein manifolds, a class of non-compact symplectic manifolds which closely relate to Stein manifolds, admit Morse-theoretic decomposition by Weinstein handle attachments. It is also known that the wrapped Fukaya category of a Weinstein manifold can be computed by gluing cosheaves of categories of its skeletons of Weinstein handles by Ganatra-Pardon-Shende and there is combinatorial models of corresponding constructible sheaves by Nadler. On the other hand, considering that stability conditions of Fukaya category of a Riemann surface are based on understanding on Teichmüller dynamics and on the complete classification of admissible Lagrangians, one would need higher dimensional analogues of them.