Operator theory on noncommutative polydomains. II (Q2674314)

This paper continue the study of noncommutative polydomains and their universal operator models generated by admissible k-tuples of formal power series in several noncommuting indeterminates. As was announced in the first part of the study [\textit{G. Popescu}, Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 16, No. 4, Paper No. 50, 101 p. (2022; Zbl 07511280)], the results obtained there will be used in the second part of this study to develop a dilation theory for non-pure elements in admissible noncommutative polydomains and to obtain a complete description for the invariant subspaces of the corresponding universal operator models. The paper starts with recalling some necessary notions and notations made in the first part, and introducing other one. So, for the \(k\)-tuple \(\mathbf{g}=(\mathbf{g}_1,\dots,\mathbf{g}_k)\) of free holomorphic functions in a neighborhood of the origin in the operator ball \(B(\mathcal{H})^{n_i}\) the Hilbert space \(F^2(\mathbf{g})\) of formal power series is attached. \(\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{g}}(\mathcal{H})\) is the noncommutative set of all \(k\)-tuples \(X=(X_1,\dots,X_k)\) in \(B(\mathcal{H})^{n_1}\times\cdots\times B(\mathcal{H})^{n_k}\), with \(X_i = (X_{i,1}, \dots, X_{i,n_i})\). The defect operator \(\Delta_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(X,X^*)\) is defined and a pure noncommutative polydomain \(\mathcal{D}^{\mathrm{pure}}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})\) is a subset of \(B(\mathcal{H})^{n_1+\cdots+n_k}\) as the set of pure solutions of operator inequation given by the defect operator \(\Delta_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(X,X^*)\ge0\). The universal model \(\mathbf{W}\) for \(X\) is defined and the pure part and the Cunz part \(\mathcal{D}^{c}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})\) in noncommutative polydomain \(\mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})\) are introduced. The role of universal operator model associated with \(\mathbf{g}\) will be played by a \(k\)-tuple \(\mathbf{W} = (\mathbf{W}_1,\dots,\mathbf{W}_k)\) with \(\mathbf{W}_i := (\mathbf{W}_{i,1},\dots,\mathbf{W}_{i,n_i})\), where \(\mathbf{W}_{i,j}\) are weighted left creation operators acting on the tensor products \(F^2(H_{n_1})\otimes \dots\otimes F^2(H_{n_k})\), where \(F^2(H_{n_i})\) is the full Fock space with \(n_i\) generators. Condition for \(\mathcal{D}^{\mathrm{pure}}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})=\mathcal{M}_{\mathbf{g}}(\mathcal{H})\) was found, and in this case \(\mathcal{D}^{\mathrm{pure}}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})\) is called an admissible polydomain and \(\mathbf{g}=(\mathbf{g}_1,\dots,\mathbf{g}_k)\) is an admissible \(k\)-tuple for operator model theory. Also some examples of classes of \(k\)-tuples of formal power series admissible for operator model theory are recalled. The second section of the paper is devoted to \(C^*\)-algebras associated with noncommutative polydomains and Wold decompositions. It is shown that there is a unique minimal nontrivial two-sided ideal of the \(C^*\)-algebra \(C^*(\mathbf{W})\) generated by the operators \(\mathbf{W}_{i,j}\) and the identity, namely, the ideal \(\mathcal{K}\) of all compact operators in \(B(\bigotimes_{s=1}^k F^2(H_{n_s}))\). A geometric version of the Wold decomposition for unital \(*\)-representations of the \(C^*\)-algebra \(C^*(W)\) is obtained. This extends the corresponding result previous obtained by the author in this more general setting. In the third section the notions of completely non-pure \(k\)-tuple \(X\) from \(\mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})\), pure and completely non-pure representation \(\pi\) and Cuntz type representation are defined. The Cuntz type algebra \(\mathcal{O}(\mathbf{g})\) is introduced as the universal \(C^*\)-algebra generated by \(\pi(\mathbf{W}_{i,s})\) and the identity, where \(\pi\) is a completely non-pure \(*\)-representation of \(C^*(\mathbf{W})\). Using the Wold decompositions from the previous section, an exact sequence of \(C^*\)-algebras generalizing the well-known results obtained by Coburn for the unilateral shift and by Cuntz for the left creation operators on the full Fock space with \(n\) generators is obtained. In the fourth section it is shown that, for any admissible noncommutative polydomain \(\mathcal{D}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}\), the corresponding universal model \(\mathbf{W} = (\mathbf{W}_1,\dots,\mathbf{W}_k)\) with \(\mathbf{W}_i := (\mathbf{W}_{i,1},\dots,\mathbf{W}_{i,n_i})\), admits a Beurling type characterization of the joint invariant subspaces of \(\mathbf{W}_{i,j}\). In the fifth section a functional models for the pure elements in admissible noncommutative polydomains is provided. To each \(X\) in \(\mathcal{D}^{\mathrm{pure}}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})\), a characteristic function \(\Theta_{\mathbf{g},X} := (\Theta^{(1)}_{\mathbf{g},X},\dots, \Theta^{(k)}_{\mathbf{g},X})\) is associated, which consists of partially isometric multi-analytic operators, and is shown that \(X\) is unitarily equivalent to \(G = (G_1,\dots, G_n)\) with \(G_i := (G_{i,1},\dots,G_{i,n_i})\) of an appropriate form. It is also proved that if \(T\in \mathcal{D}^{\mathrm{pure}}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})\) and \(T'\in \mathcal{D}^{\mathrm{pure}}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H}')\), then \(T\) and \(T'\) are unitarily equivalent if and only if their characteristic functions \(\Theta_{\mathbf{g},T}\) and \(\Theta_{\mathbf{g},T'}\) coincide in a certain sense. The dilation theory on admissible noncommutative polydomains is analyzed in the last section of the paper. For an admissible tuple \(\mathbf{g}\) it is proved that if \(X\in \overline{\mathcal{D}^{\mathrm{pure}}_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\mathcal{H})}\), then there is a \(*\)-representation \(\pi : C^*(\mathbf{W}) \rightarrow\mathcal{K}_\pi\) on a separable Hilbert space \(\mathcal{K}_\pi\) such that \(\pi\) annihilates the compact operators in \(C^*(\mathbf{W})\) and \(\Delta_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}}(\pi(\mathbf{W}), \pi(\mathbf{W})^*) = 0\), and \(\mathcal{H}\) can be identified with a \(*\)-cyclic co-invariant subspace of \(\mathcal{K} := (\bigotimes^k_{s=1}F^2(H_{n_s} ) \otimes\mathcal{D})\oplus\mathcal{K}_\pi\) under the operators \((\mathbf{W}_{i,j}\otimes I_{\mathcal{D}})\oplus\pi(\mathbf{W}_{i,j})\) such that \(X^*_{i,j}=[(\mathbf{W}_{i,j}\otimes I_{\mathcal{D}})\oplus\pi(\mathbf{W}_{i,j})]_{\mathcal{H}}\) for \(i\in \{1,\dots,k\}, j \in \{1,\dots,n_i\}\), where \(\mathcal{D} := \overline{\Delta_{\mathbf{g}^{-1}} (X, X^*)\mathcal{H}}\). The uniqueness of the dilation is also analyzed.