An integral condition involving \(\overline{\partial}\)-harmonic \((0,1)\)-forms (Q2692167)

This paper aims to investigate Hermitian metrics on a compact \(2n\)-dimensional almost complex manifold abiding by an integral conditions involving the space of \(\overline{\partial}\)-harmonic \((0,1)\)-forms. Let \((M,J)\) be a \(2n\)-dimensional almost complex manifold. A Hermitian metric \(g\) on \((M,J)\) is called \textit{Gauduchon} if \[ \partial\overline{\partial}\omega^{n-1}=0 \] with \(\omega\) its fundamental form. \textit{P. Gauduchon} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. A 285, 387--390 (1977; Zbl 0362.53024)] established that if \((MJ)\) is a \(2n\)-dimensional compact almost complex manifold with \(n>1\), then any conformal class of any given Hermitian metric contains a Gauduchon metric, unique up to multiplication with respect to positive constants. A subclass of Gauduchon metrics on complex manifolds was defined by \textit{D. Popovici} [Invent. Math. 194, No. 3, 515--534 (2013; Zbl 1287.32008)] as \textit{strongly Gauduchon}, namely Hermitian metrics \ such that \(\partial\omega^{n-1}\) is \(\partial\)-exact. It is established in Theorem 3.4 that on compact \(2n\)-dimensional almost complex manifolds every strongly Gauduchon metric \(\omega\) satisfies \[ \int_{M}\partial\eta\wedge\omega^{n-1} \] for every \(\eta\in\mathcal{H}_{\overline{\partial}}^{0,1}(M)\), where \(\mathcal{H}_{\overline{\partial}}^{0,1}(M)\) denotes the space of \(\overline{\partial}\)-harmonic \((0,1)\)-forms. It is shown in Theorem 3.5 and 3.7 that if \(J\) is integrable, Gauduchon metrics are observant of the integral condition depending not on harmonic forms but just on the Dolbeault cohomology classes. In \S 4 the authors construct a compact almost complex \(4\)-dimensional manifold that admits a strongly Gauduchon metric, failing to admit any almost-Kähler metric. This example shows that the result of [\textit{D. Popovici}, Invent. Math. 194, No. 3, 515--534 (2013; Zbl 1287.32008)] claiming that strongly Gauduchon compact complex surfaces are Kähler does not hold as soon as the integrability assumption on the complex structure is dropped.