The bi-graded structure of symmetric algebras with applications to Rees rings (Q330158)

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field, \(R = k[x, y]\) a polynomial ring in two variables, and \(I\) an ideal of \(R\) minimally generated by homogeneous forms \(h_1, h_2, h_3\) of the same degree \(d > 0\). Let \(C\) be the curve parametrized by \(h_1, h_2, h_3\) , we can assume that the curve \(C\) has degree \(d\). Let \(\psi\) the syzygy matrix of the ideal \(I\). The two aspects, the curve C parametrized by the forms \(h_1, h_2, h_3\) and the syzygy matrix \(\psi\), are mediated by the Rees algebra \(R[It]\) of \(I\). \(R[It]\) becomes a standard bi-graded \(k\)-algebra if one sets \(\deg x = \deg y = (1, 0)\) and \(\deg t = (-d, 1)\), which gives \(\deg h_i t = (0, 1)\). The symmetric algebra \(\mathrm{Sym}(I)\), the Rees algebra \(R[It]\), and the ideal \(A\) of \(\mathrm{Sym}(I)\) that defines \(R[It]\) all are naturally equipped with two gradings. Let \(A_i\) be the \(S\)-submodule of \(A\) which consists of all elements homogeneous in \(x\) and \(y\) of degree \(i\), we can view \(A\) as a sum of the \(A_i\). The aim of this article is to study this ideal \(A\). The purpose is more clear in the case \(d = 6\), the case of a sextic curve. The authors show that there is, essentially, a one-to-one correspondence between the bi-degrees of the defining equations of \(R[It]\) and the types of the singularities on or infinitely near the curve \(C\).