The polynomiality of the Poisson center and semi-center of a Lie algebra and Dixmier's fourth problem (Q517059)

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field $K$ of characteristic zero. If $U(\mathfrak{g})$ is its enveloping algebra, let $Z(U(\mathfrak{g}))$ be its center, $S_{\mathcal{Z}}(U(\mathfrak{g}))$ its semicenter and $D(\mathfrak{g})$ its quotient division ring with center $Z(D(\mathfrak{g}))$. As explicitly reported by the author, in the present paper he addresses the following questions: 1) When are $Z(U(\mathfrak{g}))$ and $S_{\mathcal{Z}}(U(\mathfrak{g}))$ polynomial algebras over $K$? 2) Is $Z(D(\mathfrak{g}))$ always rational over $K$? To report the stated results can require a lot of machinery. Anyway, in the Introduction the author does a great service to the reader providing a very clear outline of the paper and a summary of the main theorems (including definitions and comments), and we refer directly to that section.