Weighted maximal regularity estimates and solvability of non-smooth elliptic systems. I (Q533672)

From the abstract: The authors develop new solvability methods for divergence form second order, real and complex, elliptic systems of the form \[ \text{div}_{t,x}A\,\nabla_{t,x}u = 0 \quad\text{in } \mathbb{R}_+\times\mathbb{R}^n, \] where \(A\) is strictly accretive on a suitable subspace of \(L_2\). The following boundary conditions with \(L_{2}\) boundary data are considered: the Dirichlet condition, the Dirichlet regularity condition, and the Neumann condition. The coefficients \(A\) may depend on all variables, but are assumed to be close to coefficients \(A_{0}\) that are independent of the coordinate transversal to the boundary, in the Carleson sense \(\| A - A_{0}\| _{C}\) defined by Dahlberg. A priori estimates and boundary behaviour results under finiteness of \(\| A - A_{0}\| _{C}\) are obtained. The methods yield full characterization of weak solutions, whose gradients have \(L_{2}\) estimates of a non-tangential maximal function or of the square function, via an integral representation acting on the conormal gradient, with a singular operator-valued kernel. Also, the non-tangential maximal function of a weak solution is controlled in \(L_{2}\) by the square function of its gradient. This estimate is new for systems in such generality, and even for real non-symmetric equations in dimension 3 or higher. The well-posedness of the problems under smallness of \(\| A - A_{0}\|_{C}\) and well-posedness for \(A_{0}\) is obtained, improving earlier results for real symmetric equations. The methods rely on an algebraic reduction to a first order system first made for coefficients \(A_{0}\) by the two authors and \textit{A. McIntosh} [Ark. Mat. 48, No. 2, 253--287 (2010; Zbl 1205.35082)] in order to use functional calculus related to the Kato conjecture solution. The main analytic tool for coefficients \(A\) is an operational calculus to prove weighted maximal regularity estimates.