Analysis on extended Heisenberg group (Q555256)

The author studies Markov semigroups generated by Hörmander-Dunkl operators on Heisenberg groups. Let \(X:=\partial_x+ 2ay\,\partial_z\), \(Y:= \partial_y- 2ax\,\partial_z\), \(a\in \mathbb R\setminus 0\), be left invariant vector fields of the Heisenberg group \(H_1\simeq \mathbb R^3\) and \(\sigma_X, \sigma_Y\) be reflection operators on \(H_1\), given by \(\sigma_X(x,y,z):= (-x,y,z-4axy)\), \(\sigma_Y(x,y,z):= (x,-y, z+4axy)\). Define the corresponding Demazure operators \(A_X\) and \(A_Y\) by \(A_Xf:= \kappa(f- f\circ\sigma_X)/x\) and \(A_Y:= \kappa(f- f\circ\sigma_Y)/y\) for \(x,y\neq 0\), respectively. Let \(T_X:= X+A_X\) and \(T_Y:= Y+A_Y\). The \(T\)-Laplacian \(L= T_X^2+T_Y^2\) is assumed to be extendable to a Markov generator. The semigroup generated by this extension is the object of study. The author investigates quadratic forms associated with the generator, and provides a suitable \(L^p\) setup, including an integration by parts formula for \(T\)-operators with a natural invariant measure (with respect to the extended Heisenberg group). He proves basic coercive inequalities leading to ultracontractivity estimates for the semigroup, and by suitably adapting the theory of \textit{A. Grigor'yan} [J. Differ. Geom. 45, No. 1, 33--52 (1997; Zbl 0865.58042)], he obtains Gaussian bounds for the corresponding heat kernel.