Formal Gevrey solutions: in analytic germs -- for higher order holomorphic PDEs (Q6041806)

The authors consider equations of the form \[ P(x)^kL_k(y)(x)+\dots+P(x)L_1(y)(x)=F(x,y)\tag{1} \] where \begin{itemize} \item \(P\) is an arbitrary analytic germ at the origin of \(\mathbb C^d\) such that \(P(0)=0\); \item \(F\) is a \(\mathbb C^N\)-valued holomorphic map defined in a neighborhood of the origin of \(\mathbb C^d\times\mathbb C^N\); \item \(L_j=\sum_{\vert\alpha\vert=j}a_{\alpha}^{(j)}(x)\partial_x^{\alpha}\) is a differential operator of order \(j\) for all \(j=1,\dots,k\), with holomorphic coefficients \(a_{\alpha}^{(j)}\) in a neighborhood of the origin of \(\mathbb C^d\). \end{itemize} Following the two recent works [\textit{S. A. Carrillo} and \textit{C. A. Hurtado}, in: Formal and analytic solutions of differential equations. Selected contributions based on the presentations at the conference, virtual, June 29 -- July 3, 2020. Singapore: World Scientific. 325--362 (2022; Zbl 07533058); \textit{J. M. Fernández} and \textit{R. Schäfke}, Publ. Mat., Barc. 63, No. 1, 3--79 (2019; Zbl 1408.41024)], they are interested in the formal solutions of Eq. (1) which are written in the form of formal series with respect to the germ \(P\), that is in the form \[ \widehat{y}(x)=\sum_{m\geq0}y_m(x)P^m(x),\tag{2} \] the coefficients \(y_m(x)\) being analytic on a common open polydisc \(D\) centered at the origin of \(\mathbb C^N\). Under some convenient assumptions on \(P\) and \(F\), they prove that Eq. (1) admits a unique formal solution (2) satisfying \(\widehat{y}(0)=0\), and that this solution is a \(P\)-\(k\)-Gevrey series, that is \(\vert y_m(x)\vert\leq CA^mm!^k\) for all \(m\geq0\) and all \(x\in D\), for some positive constants \(A,C>0\) independent of \(m\) and \(x\) (Theorem 1.1). Furthermore, they also give a sufficient condition on \(P\) and \(F\) for which this formal solution \(\widehat{y}(x)\) becomes analytic at the origin of \(\mathbb C^N\). The idea behind the proof of these two results is to add a variable \(t\), then working in \((t,x)\in\mathbb C\times\mathbb C^d\), to search for a singular partial differential equation satisfied by the series \(\widehat{w}(t,x)=\sum_{m\geq0}y_m(x)t^m\), where \(\widehat{y}(x)=\sum_{m\geq0}y_m(x)P^m(x)\) is the solution to the initial Eq. (1), and to apply to it a Maillet-type theorem. In conclusion, the authors illustrate their results by some examples.