Asymptotic \(N\)-soliton-like solutions of the fractional Korteweg-de Vries equation (Q6058046)

Summary: We construct \(N\)-soliton solutions for the fractional Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equation \[ \partial_t u - \partial_x (|D|^{\alpha} u - u^2)=0, \] in the whole sub-critical range \(\alpha \in (1/2, 2)\). More precisely, if \(Q_c\) denotes the ground state solution associated to (fKdV) evolving with velocity \(c\), then, given \(0 < c_1 < \cdots < c_N\), we prove the existence of a solution \(U\) of (fKdV) satisfying \[ \lim_{t \to \infty} \Big\| U(t, \cdot) - \sum_{j=1}^N Q_{c_j} (x-\rho_j (t)) \Big\|_{H^{\alpha/2}}=0, \] where \(\rho'_j (t) \sim c_j\) as \(t \to +\infty\). The proof adapts the construction of \textit{Y. Martel} in the generalized KdV setting [Am. J. Math. 127, No. 5, 1103--1140 (2005; Zbl 1090.35158)] to the fractional case. The main new difficulties are the polynomial decay of the ground state \(Q_c\) and the use of local techniques (monotonicity properties for a portion of the mass and the energy) for a non-local equation. To bypass these difficulties, we use symmetric and non-symmetric weighted commutator estimates. The symmetric ones were proved by \textit{C. E. Kenig} et al. [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 28, No. 6, 853--887 (2011; Zbl 1230.35102)], while the non-symmetric ones seem to be new.