Asymptotic N-soliton-like solutions of the fractional Korteweg-de Vries equation

DOI10.4171/RMI/1396MaRDI QIDQ6058046zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Arnaud Eychenne

Publication date 26 October 2023

Published in Revista Matemática Iberoamericana (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.11278

zbMATH Keywords

fractional KdV equationmulti-soliton solutionsstrong interactions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Soliton solutions (35C08) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Soliton theory, asymptotic behavior of solutions of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37K40)

Abstract: We construct $N$-soliton solutions for the fractional Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equation ${\displaystyle }$ partial_t u - partial_xleft(|D|^{alpha}u - u^2 ight)=0, ${\displaystyle }$ in the whole sub-critical range $alphain]frac12,2[$. More precisely, if $Q_c$ denotes the ground state solution associated to fKdV evolving with velocity $c$, then given $0<c_1<cdots<c_N$, we prove the existence of a solution $U$ of (fKdV) satisfying ${\displaystyle }$ lim_{t oinfty} | U(t,cdot) - sum_{j=1}^NQ_{c_j}(x- ho_j(t)) |_{H^{frac{alpha}2}}=0, ${\displaystyle }$ where $ho{\text{'}}_j(t)sim{c}_j$ as $to+infty$. The proof adapts the construction of Martel in the generalized KdV setting [Amer. J. Math. 127 (2005), pp. 1103-1140]) to the fractional case. The main new difficulties are the polynomial decay of the ground state $Q_c$ and the use of local techniques (monotonicity properties for a portion of the mass and the energy) for a non-local equation. To bypass these difficulties, we use symmetric and non-symmetric weighted commutator estimates. The symmetric ones were proved by Kenig, Martel and Robbiano [Annales de l'IHP Analyse Non Lin'eaire 28 (2011), pp. 853-887], while the non-symmetric ones seem to be new.

Review text

Summary: We construct \(N\)-soliton solutions for the fractional Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equation \[ \partial_t u - \partial_x (|D|^{\alpha} u - u^2)=0, \] in the whole sub-critical range \(\alpha \in (1/2, 2)\). More precisely, if \(Q_c\) denotes the ground state solution associated to (fKdV) evolving with velocity \(c\), then, given \(0 < c_1 < \cdots < c_N\), we prove the existence of a solution \(U\) of (fKdV) satisfying \[ \lim_{t \to \infty} \Big\| U(t, \cdot) - \sum_{j=1}^N Q_{c_j} (x-\rho_j (t)) \Big\|_{H^{\alpha/2}}=0, \] where \(\rho'_j (t) \sim c_j\) as \(t \to +\infty\). The proof adapts the construction of \textit{Y. Martel} in the generalized KdV setting [Am. J. Math. 127, No. 5, 1103--1140 (2005; Zbl 1090.35158)] to the fractional case. The main new difficulties are the polynomial decay of the ground state \(Q_c\) and the use of local techniques (monotonicity properties for a portion of the mass and the energy) for a non-local equation. To bypass these difficulties, we use symmetric and non-symmetric weighted commutator estimates. The symmetric ones were proved by \textit{C. E. Kenig} et al. [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 28, No. 6, 853--887 (2011; Zbl 1230.35102)], while the non-symmetric ones seem to be new.

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Cited in

(7)

• An extended integrable fractional-order KP soliton hierarchy
• Asymptotic N -soliton-like solutions of the subcritical and critical generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations
• Dispersive focusing in fractional Korteweg–de Vries-type equations
• Asymptotic stability of a finite sum of solitary waves for the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation
• Dynamics of the collision of two nearly equal solitary waves for the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation
• Strongly interacting multi-solitons for generalized Benjamin-Ono equations
• On soliton solutions of time fractional form of Sawada-Kotera equation

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