Nonhyperbolic dynamics by mingling, blending, and flip-flopping (Q6077866)

The authors investigate how regions exhibiting ``various forms of hyperbolicity'' interact with each other. They focus on this interaction within a basic scenario where the dynamics is partially hyperbolic, and the interaction takes place along a predetermined ``central'' direction. Another significant feature of the systems analyzed by the authors is their robust topological transitivity. To examine how contracting and expanding regions interact, the authors present three mechanisms termed mingling, blending, and flip-flopping. They present a differentiable framework for the skew product settings examined in this study, with homoclinic and heteroclinic relationships serving as fundamental structures. Various uses of \(\text{SL}\left(2, \mathbb{R}\right)\) cocycles in this context are examined. It is commonly understood that if a sequence of ergodic measures \((\mu_n)_n\) converges to a measure \(\mu\) in the weak* topology, then the following limit holds true: \[ \int \varphi d\mu =\chi (\mu )=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty } \chi(\mu _n)=\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty } \int \varphi d\mu _n. \] One of the main concerns addressed in this paper is ensuring the ergodicity of the mentioned limit. The authors also provide certain findings regarding weak* approximations and entropy approximations of nonhyperbolic ergodic measures.