The \(p\)-integrable Teichmüller space for \(p \geqslant 1\) (Q6108427)

Let \(\text{Hom}^+(S^1)\) denote the set of all sense-preserving homeomorphisms of the unit circle \(S^1\) onto itself. A homeomorphism \(h\in\text{Hom}^+(S^1)\) is said to be quasisymmetric if there exists some \(M>0\) such that \[\frac 1M\le\frac{|h(e^{i(\theta+t)})-h(e^{i\theta})|}{|h(e^{i\theta})-h(e^{i(\theta-t)})|}\le M\] for all \(\theta\) and \(t>0\). It is well known that \(h\in\text{Hom}^+(S^1)\) is quasisymmetric if and only if there exists some quasiconformal homeomorphism of the unit disk \(\Delta\) onto itself which has boundary values \(h\). The universal Teichmüller space \(T\) is the set of all quasisymmetric homeomorphisms of the unit circle keeping the points \(1\), \(i\), \(-i\) fixed. A quasisymmetric homeomorphism \(h\) is said to be a \(p\)-integrable asymptotic affine homeomorphism (\(p>1\)) if it has a quasiconformal extension \(f\) to the unit disk whose Beltrami coefficient \(\mu\) is \(p\)-integrable in the Poincaré metric, namely, \[\iint_{\Delta}\frac{|\mu(z)|^p}{(1-|z|^2)^{2}}dxdy<\infty. \] These homeomorphisms comprise a subspace \(T_p\) of \(T\), which is known as the \(p\)-integrable Teichmüller space. When \(p\ge 2\), the Teichmüller space \(T_p\) was much investigated in recent years. This paper deals with the case \(p<2\) and gives an intrinsic characterization for a \(p\)-integrable asymptotic affine homeomorphism without using any quasiconformal extension, which improves some recent results in the papers [\textit{X. Liu} and the reviewer, Math. Z. 302, No. 4, 2233--2251 (2022; Zbl 1503.30052); ``Some notes on integrable Teichmüller space on the real line'', Filomat 37, 2633--2645 (2023)]. The authors also show that the Teichmüller space \(T_p\) can be endowed with a canonical complex Banach manifold structure.