Vanishing-spreading dichotomy in a two-species chemotaxis competition system with a free boundary (Q6142268)

The authors study the chemotaxis system with Lotka-Volterra-type competition terms and a free boundary, \[ \begin{aligned} &u_t=u_{xx}-\chi_1(uw_x)_x+u(1-u-av), \\ &v_t=dv_{xx}-\chi_2(vw_x)_x+rv(1-bu-x), \\ &0=w_{xx}+ku \ell v-\lambda w, \end{aligned} \] for \(0<x<h(t)\) with \(h'(t)= -\mu_1u_x-\mu_2v_x\vert_{x=h(t)}\) and \[ \begin{aligned} &\left. (u_x, v_x, w_x)\right\vert_{x=0}=\left. (u, v, w_x)\right\vert_{x=h(t)}=0 \\ &\left. h\right\vert_{t=0}=h_0>0, \ \left. (u,v)\right\vert_{t=0}=(u_0(x), v_0(x))>0, \end{aligned} \] where \(a\), \(b\), \(d\), \(r\), \(\chi_1\), \(\chi_2\), \(k\), \(\ell\), and \(\lambda\) are positive constants satisfying \[ 1>k\chi_1, \ a>\ell \chi_1, \ rb>k\chi_2, \ r>\ell \chi_2. \] First, existence of the solution global-in-time is confirmed. Second, two features of the solution are noticed; vanishing \[ h_\infty=\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}h(t)<+\infty, \ \lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\Vert u(\cdot,t), v(\cdot,t)\Vert_{L^\infty(0, h(t))} =0 \] and spreading \[ h_\infty=0, \ \liminf_{t\rightarrow \infty}\inf_{0<x<m}\{u(x,t)+v(x,t)\}>0, \ \forall m>0.\tag{1} \] Variants of this spreading are also noticed, that is, spreading in weak and that in strong senses, where the second relation of (1) are replaced by either \[ \liminf_{t\rightarrow\infty}\inf_{0<x<m}u(x,t)>0, \ \forall m>0 \] or \[ \liminf_{t\rightarrow \infty}\inf_{0<x<m}v(x,t)>0, \ \forall m>0, \] and \[ \liminf_{t\rightarrow \infty}\min\{ \inf_{0<x<m}u(x,t), \inf_{0<x<m}v(x,t)\}, \ \forall m>0 \] respectively. Then, parameter regions are prescribed for dichotomies of the following cases; spreading/vanishing, spreading/strong vanishing, and spreading/weak vanishing.