On integral points of some Fano threefolds and their Hilbert schemes of lines and conics (Q6170890)

Let \(X\subset\mathbb P^n\) be a projective algebraic variety over the number field \(\mathbb K\) and let \(D\) be a closed algebraic subset. Set \(X^0:= X\setminus D\), which is a quasi projective (possibly affine) algebraic variety, and \(S\) be a finite set of places containing the archimedean ones. A celebrated conjecture of \textit{P. Vojta} [Diophantine approximations and value distribution theory. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1987; Zbl 0609.14011)], predicts that if \(X\) is smooth and \(D\) is a reduced effective divisor, with at most normal crossing singularities and such that \(K_X +D\) is big, where \(K_X\) denotes a canonical divisor of \(X\), then for every ring of \(S\)-integers \(\mathcal O_S\subset \mathbb K\), the \(S\)-integral points on \(X^0\) are not Zariski-dense. Vojta's Conjecture is completely settled in the case of curves, in view of theorems of Siegel and Faltings; in this case also a converse holds true. On the other hand the conjecture is widely open in dimension \(\geq 2\). A conjecture of Campana provides a converse for Vojta's Conjecture: whenever a variety is `special' (see [\textit{F. Campana}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 54, No. 3, 499--630 (2004; Zbl 1062.14014)] for this definition), its integral (or rational) points should be potentially dense, which means that they become Zariski-dense after a finite extension of the ground field (possibly followed by an enlargment of the finite set \(S\)). For a survey on this topic, especially for the case of dimension two, see [\textit{P. Corvaja}, Integral points on algebraic varieties. An introduction to Diophantine geometry. New Delhi: Hindustan Book Agency (2016; Zbl 1336.14002)]. In this paper the authors study the problem of potential density of integral points for certain open subsets of some rational Fano 3-folds. For instance, let \(X^0 = \mathbb P^3\setminus D\) where \(D\) is the union of two quadrics such that their intersection contains a smooth conic, or the union of a smooth quadric surface and two planes, or the union of a smooth cubic surface \(V\) and a plane \(\Pi\) such that the intersection \(V\cap\Pi\) contains a line. In all these cases they show that the set of integral points of \(X^0\) is potentially dense. The above results are applied to prove that integral points are potentially dense in some log-Fano or in some log-Calabi-Yau threefold.