The probability of non-isomorphic group structures of isogenous elliptic curves in finite field extensions. I (Q6175164)

``Let \(l\) be a prime number and let \(E\) and \(E'\) be \(l\)-isogenous elliptic curves defined over a finite field \(k\) of characteristic \(p\not=l\). Suppose the groups \(E(k)\) and \(E'(k)\) are isomorphic, but \(E(K) \not\simeq E'(K)\), where \(K\) is an \(l\)-power extension of \(k\). In a previous work we have shown that, under mild rationality hypotheses, the case of interest is when \(l = 2\) and \(K\) is the unique quadratic extension of \(k\). In this paper we study the likelihood of such an occurrence by fixing a pair of \(2\)-isogenous elliptic curves \(E\), \(E'\) over \(\mathbb Q\) and asking for the proportion of primes \(p\) for which \(E(\mathbb F_p) \simeq E'(\mathbb F_p)\) and \(E(\mathbb F_{p^2})\not\simeq E'(\mathbb F_{p^2})\).'' Theorems 1.3.4 and 1.3.7 (finer version of Theorem 1.3.4) are the main results of this paper. In section 5, the authors prove Theorem 1.3.4, and in section 7, they discuss some future work.