Twisted longitudinal index theorem for foliations and wrong way functoriality (Q633602)

\textit{A. Connes} and \textit{G. Skandalis} [Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 20, 1139--1183 (1984; Zbl 0575.58030)] generalized the Atiyah-Singer family index theorem to longitudinal elliptic operators on foliations: For a manifold \(M\) with integrable bundle \(F\subset TM\) they defined a topological and an analytic index map \(K^0(F^*) \to K_0(C^*(M,F))\) and showed that they agree. Here \(C^*(M,F)\) is the \(C^*\)-algebra associated to the holonomy groupoid of the foliation defined by \(F\). A more general approach to define these maps is provided by the index theory for Lie groupoids. The index theorem can then be proven by deformation groupoid techniques. In another direction, a generalisation of the Atiyah-Singer family index theorem to twisted \(K\)-theory was recently provided by \textit{V. Mathai, R. B. Melrose} and \textit{I. M. Singer} [in: X. Dai (ed.) et al., From probability to geometry II. Volume in honor of the 60th birthday of Jean-Michel Bismut. Paris: Société Mathématique de France (SMF). Astérisque 328, 255--296 (2009; Zbl 1207.19006)]. In the present paper the authors use the groupoid approach to foliations to unify and further generalize both directions: They prove a twisted index theorem for foliations in the twisted \(K\)-theory for groupoids introduced by \textit{J.-L. Tu, P. Xu} and \textit{C. Laurent-Gengoux} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 37, No.~6, 841--910 (2004; Zbl 1069.19006)]. Their analytic index map is even defined for general Lie groupoids. They also construct a \(K\)-theoretic push-forward map in this setting and use their index theorem to show that it is functorial.