Real-root property of the spectral polynomial of the Treibich-Verdier potential and related problems (Q683800)

In the literature, there are two methods to compute spectral polynomials. One way is to study the so-called ``polynomial solutions'' of the generalized Lamé equation. In this paper, the spectral polynomial of the Treibich-Verdier potential is investigated. This spectral polynomial which is the generalization of the classical Lamé polynomial plays a basic role in finite-gap theory and the theory of Heun's equation. In this paper, it is proved that all the roots of this spectral polynomial are real and distinct under some assumptions. It is also proved an analogous result for a polynomial associated with a generalized Lamé equation, where a new approach is applied based on the viewpoint of the monodromy data. To apply the idea of Sturm sequence, it is necessary to investigate polynomial solutions of the generalized Lamé equation (GLE). The monodromy of GLE on the torus is calculated directly. It has been derives a sufficient condition that all roots of the spectral polynomial of Treibich-Verdier potential are real and distinct.